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For a certain bending angle and radius, it have been observed that the depth of wrinkling, change in wall thickness, and cross section distortion increase with reduction in wall thickness and outer diameter-to-wall thickness ratio Introduction Recently, curved tubular parts have attracted more applications in automobile, aerospace, oil industries and anywhere high strength/weight ratio products are needed.
In the present work, wrinkle phenomenon, changes in wall thickness are studied in thin wall tube using analytical, experimental and FEM data.
It is also found that the maximum thinning reduction which happens in tube with 1.5mm thickness is equal to 6.5% and minimum thinning reduction which happens in tube with 0.9mm is equal to3%.
It can be seen that the thickness of the inside of the bend is increased, and the maximum thickness thickening reduction is 10 %. 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 33 40 56 d/t wall thickness of intrados experimental FE theory Fig. 7: Comparison of results obtained from FEM, experiments and theory for thickness distribution for intrados wall thickness Summary This study deals with the defects in thin-walled tube bending process such as wrinkling, wall thinning and thickening.
Guarracino: On the analysis of cylindrical tubes under flexure: theoretical formulations, experimental data and finite element analyses, Thin-Walled Structures, 41, 127, 147(2003) [5] H.

It can adaptively select wavelet transform of optimal decomposition level and soft threshold to achieve the optimal noise reduction effect.
The simulation data show (Tab.1) that the mean filter is better than the median filter of Gauss noise suppression, wavelet denoising is the best.
Tab.2 Comparison of different algorithms for salt & pepper noise filtering effect Filtering method Mean MSE PSNR Original Add 0.02 salt&pepper Template h1 Template h2 Template h3 Maximum filtering Minimum filtering Mean filtering Median filtering Wavelet filtering 241.1339 238.9114 238.0439 238.1883 237.8270 240.9521 233.9207 240.6734 239.6888 237.9824 13.3216 36.8852 27.2044 33.7844 17.0032 35.8255 16.8542 35.8637 17.9869 35.5813 22.1777 34.6716 40.4509 32.0615 26.6483 33.9876 22.7660 34.5579 24.8752 34.0963 The simulation data show (Tab.2) that median filter is the best for impulse noise suppression, and wavelet filtering effect is significantly better than the mean filter, close to the median filtering.
Simulation results show that the three de-noising method has certain noise reduction effect, but there are limitations.

Research shows that the cement production will inevitably release a large amount of carbon dioxide in two ways: generating required super-high furnace temperature by fuel combustion and producing calcination chemical reaction in heating limestone.In the most efficient cement plant, 60% or more carbon dioxide discharge comes from such inevitable chemical reaction.Data indicates [1] that about 790kg to 940kg carbon dioxide may be discharged during the production of one ton of cement.
Assessment Guidelines for Green Building Materials specifies the technical requirements for control item, scoring item and bonus item, where control item specifies assessment methods and scoring principles from fives aspects, i.e. energy conservation, emission reduction, safety, convenience and recyclability.
Assessment indexes are set around energy conservation, emission reduction, safety, convenience and recyclability.
The cementitious raw material (cement)of concretehas high energy consumption and fairly serious pollution, other raw materials are secondary products or discarded products in production process of corresponding industry, by using which both energy conservation and emission reduction can be realized.
acquisition system to upload production consumption data in real time, regulate the production of enterprise and completely eradicate illegal operation conditions like incorrect formula; installing a system for uploading real-time strength data of test piece to acquire product quality data, upload to data platform of supervision organization in real time, and further allow the supervision department to carry out effective control.

Feature selection is a widely used preprocessing technique in text mining, where a subset of features is chosen from the original for further data analysis.
Extensive experiments on benchmark data set demonstrate the performances of compared methods.
On each data set and each selected feature dimension, two widely used classifiers, i.e.
Many researchers are obsessed with the choice of feature selection models in many large-scale data applications.
Data Eng. 25(3) (2013) 619–632

An Optimal Model for Low-carbon Urban Agglomeration Based on Energy Structure Reduction under Uncertainty Lun Wang1, Zhao Sun2, Jingya Wen2, Zhuang Li2,3, Wenjin Zhao1,a, Yu Li2 1College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; 2Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China 3Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha, 410004, China azhaowj@jlu.edu.cn Keywords: optimal model, urban agglomeration, energy structure, uncertainty.
(20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) where: =percentage reduction of fossil energy i of urban agglomeration core area in planning late compared with the base period.
Based on emission reduction requirements about carbon intensity and energy intensity in 12th Five-Year Plan about the case of urban agglomeration and survey data, combined with the optimization model in this article, the net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area is [1.32, 1.55] (107t) in 2015 solved by LINGO software[5, 6].
Carbon intensity of the urban agglomeration "core area" in the case in 2015 reduces by [50.88, 54.11] (%) compare with those in 2010, it is higher than the national requirements which set greenhouse gas emissions in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the proposed carbon intensity decreased by 18.00% requirements in 12th Five-Year Planning plan for the urban agglomeration in the case; and the optimization plan of energy consumption is also meet the emission reduction targets which in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the urban agglomeration plan, it have down [51.24, 54.57] (%).

Several temperature data of infrared powder specimen were compared with the data of ordinary specimen.
Warming Data Analysis.
Put all the specimens test data together to analysis.
Cooling data analysis.
Use the fitting curve and the above two original data contrast.

Impact of Tropical cyclones to economic development and corresponding Measures for Disaster Reduction in China Huizhi Wang1,a , He Xu2,b 1Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China 2College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China ahuizhiwangnk@163.com, bseacenter@nankai.edu.cn Keywords: Tropical cyclones, Economic influence; Construction of recovery system.
This paper first analyzed the Tropical cyclones characteristic in China, then we discussed relationship between economic losses and Tropical cyclones, and finally we tried to present some feasible suggestions for the construction of a recovery system for Tropical cyclones from the three phases, including disaster defense and reduction system, disaster crisis management, and disaster loss evaluation and compensation system.
Figure 1 Areas of landfalling Tropical cyclones in China 1990-2009 Economic influence of Tropical cyclones in China By analyzing the data which have been released by the Department of Civil Affairs of China from 1990-2011 (except from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), we tried to find the casualties and direct economic losses resulting from tropical cyclones.

It was revealed that the sagging resistance of the clad sheets is governed by both the homogenizing temperature of core alloy and the reduction rate of final cold rolling.
The cast filler alloys were homogenized at 773K for 1h and then hot rolled to the thickness of 2mm with a reduction rate of 90%.
Almost all of the dispersoids correspond to Al-Mn-Si based intermetallics according to the EDS analysis data.
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1µµµµm (a) (b) (c) (d) 1µµµµm1µµµµm Fig. 3 TEM micrographs of core alloy homogenized at (a) 723K, (b) 773K, (c) 823K and (d) 873K. 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Final reduction rate (%) (a) Homegenized at 723K Sagging distance (mm) 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Final reduction rate (%) Sagging distance (mm) (b) Homogenized at 773K 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 (c) Homogenized at 823K Sagging distance (mm) Final reduction rate (%) 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Sagging distance (mm) (d) Homogenized at 873K Final reduction rate (%) 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Final reduction rate (%) (a) Homegenized at 723K (a) Homegenized at 723K Sagging distance (mm) 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Final reduction rate (%) Sagging distance
(mm) (b) Homogenized at 773K (b) Homogenized at 773K 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 (c) Homogenized at 823K (c) Homogenized at 823K Sagging distance (mm) Final reduction rate (%) 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Sagging distance (mm) (d) Homogenized at 873K (d) Homogenized at 873K Final reduction rate (%) Fig. 4 Sagging test results of the clad specimens.

The obtained natural frequency data are compared with the natural frequencies of the body-in-white as well as the common excitation frequencies of the engine.
Finally, the optimal lightweight hood design is determined by comparing the modal frequency data to the typical excitation frequency ranges and the known natural frequencies of the BIW.
Table 3 lists the first 10 modes of the BIW on which the hood is attached; and Table 4 shows the weight reduction results of the four alternative designs.
Mode order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Frequency (Hz) 30.7 33.1 43.0 47.8 48.5 56.5 59.3 69.7 71.9 77.1 Table 4 Weight reduction data of four alternative designs.
Edwards, Causes of weight reduction effects of material substitution on constant stiffness components, Thin-Walled Structures, 42(4), (2004), pp. 613-637

The slope from the first pseudo kinetics model was determined to compute the decolorization rate constant (K) This present work showed that the model was significantly well fitted with the experimental data.
Table 2 shows the calculated value of K where the two models' correlation coefficients were compared to determine the optimum represented the experimental data.
In order to fit the best experimental data, the correlation coefficients of both models were compared.
This phenomenon was due to the reduction of reaction rate as a function of time.
Moreover, the reduction behavior of hydrogen ([H]) plays a role as a reduction agent to reduce various organic species.