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Ismail 1, e 1Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UTHM, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 2Structural Material Programme, Advanced Materials Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech Park, 09000, Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia ª nursulianiabmanaf@gmail.com, ᵇ sufizar@uthm.edu.my, ᶜ rosdi@sirim.my, ͩ zakiah@uthm.edu.my, ͤ azzura@uthm.edu.my Keywords: Polyurethane, XRD, slurry, microstructure, sintering Abstract.
Firouzdor, “Sintering of biocompatible P/M CoCrMo alloy for fabrication of porosity-graded composite structures”, Materials Science and Engineering, 472, 338-346, 2008
[8] Paolo Colombo, Conventional and novel processing methods for cellular ceramics, Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society A. 364(2006)109-124
Mohamad Nor, “Development and Characterization of Titanium Alloy Foams”, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 5, No. 2, 244-250 (2010).

Lemu2,c*, MAHESH Gopal1,d 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wollega University, Nekemte P.O.
Yavaş, “Design of a 3D Aerospace Bracket Using Lattice Structures and Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing,” In ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition Vol. 8,no.5,pp581,V004T04A010).
Salmeri, “A Topology Optimization Method for Stochastic Lattice Structures,” In International Joint Conference on Mechanics, Design Engineering & Advanced Manufacturing, pp. 235-240.
Mines, “Compressive behavior of stainless steel micro-lattice structures,” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol.68,pp. 125-139, 2013
Figueroa, “Design and analysis of lattice structures for additive manufacturing,” Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. vol. 138(12), 2016

Grasshopper knee joint - Torque Analysis of actuators using Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) Muhammad Farid1a*, Zhao Gang1, b, Tran Linh Khuong1, c, Zhuang-ZHI Sun1, d 1Muhammad Farid, Department of Mechanical and electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China amuhammadfarid1978@gmail.com, bzhaogang@hrbeu.edu.cn, clinhkhuongktq@gmail.com, dsunzhuangzhi@hrbeu.edu.cn Keywords: Ionic Polymer Metal Composites, Biomimetic, Torque, Transcendental mechanics Abstract Biomimetic is the field of engineering which involves analyzing the biological beings and incorporating their designs and systems for manufacturing mechanical systems.
Introduction Biomimetic is the study of the composition and function of natural systems to provide basic concepts for the engineering design of materials and machines.
In this sense, they are large deflection actuators operating under low voltage compared with other actuators such as piezo-ceramics or Shape Memory Alloys (SMA).
References [1] Information on www.whatis.techtarget.com/definition/biomimetics [2] Akle Barber et al; Design and development of Bio-inspired Underwater jellyfish Robot using Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) Actuators, Electroactive Polymers actuators and devices, 79 (2011), 11- [3] Viljar Palmere et al; An IPMC-enabled bio-inspired bending/twisting fin for underwater applications, Smart material and Structures, 22 (2011), 12- [4] Jaewook Ryu et al; A ciliary motion based 8-legged walking micro-robot using cast IPMC actuators, International Symposium on micro-mechatronics and human science, 78 (2002), [5] Nguyen Q et al; Characteristics of a beetle’s free flight and a flapping-wing system that mimics beetle flight, Journal of Bionic Engineering, 7 (2010), 77–86
Salehi, Dynamic Modeling of Tow Flexible Link, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 22 [2008]

Rana, “Additive Manufacturing in Aerospace Application,” International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, no. 11, 2021, doi: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.81118
Ahn, “Direct metal additive manufacturing processes and their sustainable applications for green technology: A review,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, vol. 3, no. 4.
Korean Society for Precision Engineering, pp. 381–395, Oct. 01, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s40684-016-0048-9
Frazier, “Metal additive manufacturing: A review,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 23, no. 6.
Ahn, “Direct metal additive manufacturing processes and their sustainable applications for green technology: A review,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, vol. 3, no. 4.

China 2 School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R.
Shin, Journal of Electroceramics, 23 (2008) 410-414
Chen, Ceramics International, 40 (2014) 6913-6918
Chen, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (2011) 6869
Tan, Journal of Luminescence, 138 (2013) 170-173

Ahmed5, e 1Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia 2,3,5Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia 4Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia ajohndennis@petronas.com.my, balmurutp@gmail.com,charisk@petronas.com.my, dazmuddin@petronas.com.my, emawahib126@yahoo.com 2 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: almurutp@gmail.com.; Tel: +60-17-5487633.
Latino, et al., "Novel sensing materials for breath analysis devices," in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2010, pp. 670-673
Binions, "Breath Analysis for Medical Diagnosis," International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, pp. 401-440, 2012
B. a, "Toward a hydrogen peroxide sensor for exhaled breath analysis " Procedia Engineering vol. 25 pp. 116 – 119, 2011
Mercado, "In vitro and in vivo calcification of Nafion membrane used for implantable biosensors," in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1997.

Introduction Lightweight construction is a multidisciplinary engineering science with great growth dynamics, which requires a holistic technological approach covering the whole system “design-material-manufacturing”.
On the one hand elements like steel or ceramic wires are embedded to reinforce the profile and to improve the strength of the structure.
Zäh, Advanced manufacturing and design techniques for lightweight structures, International Aluminium Journal, Volume 87 (2011) pp. 60-64
Tekkaya, Thermo-mechanical Processing of Aluminum Profiles Subsequent to Hot Extrusion, steel research international, Special edition: International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, ICTP, 2011, Aachen, Germany, pp. 280-285.

Radial ball bearings made of high carbon bearing steels, carburized steels, ceramics and plastics are commonly used as important components in various types of industrial machinery.
Liao, M.Cherigui, J.Paulo Davim, C.Coddet: Effect of crystalline structure on the hardness and interfacial adherence of flame sprayed poly(ether–ether–ketone) coatings, European Polymer Journal 43 (2007) 1077–1082
Kanemasu: Tribology International, Vol. 49, (2012), pp. 30-38
[11] M.Harrass, K.Friedrich, A.A.Almajid: Tribological behavior of selected engineering polymers under rolling contact, Trib. int. 2009 doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2009.10.003; [12] K.
Tribology international 1998;31(11):687–93

Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran 3 Center of Excellence for Production of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, MERC, P.O.
Tryk: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol.32 (2007) P. 2664
Djafarzadeh: Journal of Hazardous Materials B Vol.129 (2006) P.116
Stankiewicz: Chemical Engineering and Processing Vol. 46 (2007) P. 781
Singh, D.Sud: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 152 (2007) P.412

Alternative Binder for Fibercement Building Materials GOMES Carlos Eduardo Marmorato1, a 1 School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and urban Design, Department of Architecture and Construction, University of Campinas, Brazil acemgomes@fec.unicamp.br Keywords: Magnesium; Fibercement; Alternative Binder.
In the ceramic samples like studied in this work, the interaction between sample and electron clusters occur at volume approximately 2 to 3 microns in depth and 2 to 3 microns of diameter.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society-Urwongse and Sorrel1.
Effects on Setting, Strength, Moisture Resistanceand Linear Changes of Sorel’s Cementon Mixing Portland Cement as an Additive, E-Journal of Chemistry. v.6 n.2 (2009) 412-418
International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology.