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High Temperature Oxidation of TiAl and TiAl8Nb alloys in Air Janusz Prazuch1, a, Kazimierz Przybylski1,b, Sébastien Chevalier2,c and Tomasz Brylewski1,d 1AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Solid State Chemistry, A.
Structure and chemical composition of the oxidation products, and morphology of the oxidized samples were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, and TEM.
The oxide scales formed on Ti48Al and Ti46Al8Nb alloys were well adherent to the metallic substrates and exhibited a multilayer structure.
The oxide scales formed on Ti48Al and Ti46Al8Nb alloys were well adherent to the metallic substrates and exhibited a multilayer structure.
Fig. 5 shows a BF-TEM image showing layer structure and morphologies of the phases formed in the scale.

The crystalline structure of as-synthesized nanostructures was characterized using X-ray Diffractometer (Philip model PW 1729).
The diffraction peaks matched well with the standard diffraction pattern of ZnO (JCP2.2CA. 01-079-2205), revealing that the specimen was ZnO crystal with a wurtzite structure.
The result confirmed that the specimen have wurtzite structure with lattice constant a= 3.25Å and c= 5.21Å.
Hope-Weeks: Chemistry of Materials, Vol.19 (2007), p. 6007 [6] U.
Yang: Journal of Physic Chemistry B, Vol. 109, (2005), p. 15190-15213 [9] X.

Hilal3,e, Mohd Shahril Husin1,f 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine anordin74@gmail.com,bzainalat@science.upm.edu.my, cmahmood@science.upm.edu.my, dzulkar@putra.upm.edu.my, ehshilal@najah.edu, fshahril@science.upm.edu.my Keywords: thermal vacuum evaporation, argon gas, photoelectrochemical, SnSe, thin film Abstract.
Introduction Tin selenide (SnSe), with a band gap ~ 1.0 eV, is a semiconductor with layer-type character having orthorhombic structure.
Treatment of different semiconductor thin films by annealing, to improve their structures and morphologies, is a widely practiced technique.
The film structure, chemical composition, morphology and crystallinity, which strongly influence film electrode PEC characteristics, are highly dependent on the deposition conditions and the preparation technique employed.
After confirming their structures by XRD, the prepared compounds were then used as source materials.

The field of biomatherials is a prominent interdisciplinary field where the achievements of chemistry, physics, medicine, biotechnology, metallurgy, and electronics are applied [4].
This area has acquired special significance as an important section of solid state chemistry, taking into account the specifics of chemical transformations of macromolecules [15].
The most ordered regions with a structure close to an ideal crystal are characterized by minimal free energy, dense packaging of polymer chains, and relatively low reactivity.
The influence of the chemical structure on the biostability of polymers is established on the example of polyurethanes.
Shtansky, Comparative studies of the structure and chemical properties of ticapcon-Ag nanocomposition coatings, Physical chemistry of the surface and protection of matherials. 51 (2015) 416-426.

Metal complexes with Schiff base as ligand played an important role in development of coordination chemistry [1].
We also express our sincere appreciation to the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia for the research grant FRGS UiTM 5/3/FST/(12/2008), the Department of Chemistry and the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Institute of Science (IOS), UiTM, Shah Alam for the facilities.
[2] El-Ayaan, U. and Aziz, A.A.M.A., (2005) Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and molecular modeling of cobalt and nickel complexes containing the bulky ligand: bis[N-(2,6-diidpropylphenyl)imino] acenaphthene, European Journal of Medical Chemistry, 40, 1214-1221
[5] Lv, J., Liu, T., Cai, S., Wang, X., Liu, L. and Wang, Y., (2006) Synthesis, structure and zbiological activity of cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes of valine-derived Schiff base, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 100, 1888-1896 [6] Nasrabadi, M.R., Ganjali, M.R., Gholivand, M.B., Ahmadi, F., Norouzi, P. and Niasari, M.S., (2008) A cyclic voltammetry investigation of the complex formation between Cu2+ and some Schiff base in binary acetonitrile/ dimethylformamide mixture, Journal of Molecular Structure, 885, 76-81

Figure 1 Gliotoxin structure Figure 2 Standard curve of gliotoxin The results show that, concentration of the gliotoxin control solutions were in the range of 0.5 to 2.5mg, it showed a good linear relationship with the peak area scores, the standard curve was a basic line through the origin.
Mathieson, The crystal structure of gliotoxin, Acta Crystallogr., Vol. 23(1967), p.439–448
Tijhuis，et al, Gliotoxin analogues as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase.1.Effect of lipophilicity, Journal of Medical Chemistry，Vol. 21(1978), p. 796 -799
Eichner, and A.Mullbacher, et a, Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in macrophages unrelated to its antiphagocytic properties, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 263(1988), p. 18493-18499
Waring, DNA fragmentation induced in macrophages by gliotoxin does not require protein synthesis and is preceded by raised inositol triphosphate levels, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 265(1990), p. 14476-14480

Aggregation, isomerization and thermo-optic property of azobenzene polyelectrolyte Fengxian Qiu1 , Dongya Yang2 , Qing Zhang 3, and Guorong Cao4 Corresponding to: fengxian Qiu(fxqiuchem@163.com) 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China e-mail: fxqiuchem@163.com 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China e-mail: yangdongyachem@126.com 3 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China e-mail: zq07528@163.com 4 Department of physics , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China e-mail: caoguorongphy@163.com Keywords: azo polyelectrolyte; aggregation; isomerization; attenuated total reflection; thermo-optic coefficient.
The chemical structures, aggregation behaviors were investigated.
The - interaction can cause the organic compounds possessing such structures to form molecular aggregates with close intermolecular spacing and strong coupling.

Based on the literature review, the ZnO samples are polycrystalline and correspond to hexagonal structure with lattice spacing and .
On the hand, XRD peaks of our synthesized ZnO nanoparticles corresponds to hexagonal structure with cell parameter a=0.326 nm and c=0.522 nm (Fig. 5).
Holleman, “Inorganic Chemistry”, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001
Earnshaw, “Chemistry of the Elements”, 2nd ed., Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heienmann, 1997
Nicholsan, “The chemistry of cements formed between zinc oxide and aqueous zinc chloride”, Jour.

Detection of High Energy Materials Using Support Vector Classification Tianhong Gu1,a, Wei Lv1,b, Xia Shao1,c and Wencong Lu2*,d 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China 2 Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China aGuTianhong@shu.edu.cn, blvwei_cn@shu.edu.cn, cshaoxia@sit.edu.cn, dwclu@shu.edu.cn Keywords: support vector classification, high energy materials, security check, pattern recognition Abstract.
The method was tested in case of some applications in chemistry and chemical engineering [8-12].
Fan, Support Vector Machines-Based Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship for the Prediction of Heat Capacity.
Journal of Molecular Structure-Theochem, 2005, 719(1-3): 119-127
Xu, Basic Biological Chemistry; South China University of Technology Press, Guangzhou, 1999

Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Powder from Mollusc shell Rungsarit Koonawoot1,a, Sakdiphon Thiansem2,b, Sittiporn Punyanitya3,4,c, Anirut Raksujarit5,d, Surasit Laosatirawong6,e and Wilart Pompimon7,f 1Department of Physic and Materials science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 2Department of Industrials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 4Excellent center of Biomaterial and Medical Instrument, Research and Development of Science and Technology Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 5Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand 6Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 7 Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lumpang, 52000,
CaCO3 has three kinds of crystal polymorphs: Calcite, aragonite and vaterite with rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and hexagonal structures respectively.
In biological systems, HA replacement inorganic component in the structure of bones and teeth [8,9].
Mann, in: Biomineralization: Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001)
Sopyan: Indian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 48A(2009), p. 1492-1500 [14] E.M.