Search results

The results showed that small drill point angle and low feed rate can reduce the thrust force leading to the reduction of damage factor at the hole’s entrance and exit.
Durao et al. 0 found out that the cautious combination of drill tip geometry and feed rate promoted the reduction of delamination damage occurred in drilling carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates.
Piezo-Dynamometer Kistler type 9257 B was connected with the multichannel charge amplifier 9017 B and computer for data acquisition and processing.
Major thrust force reduction observed (51 N to 7.59 N) when compared to drilling 4 mm thick CFRP composite laminates by Durao et al. 0 at the similar drilling parameters and drill point angle.
There are three main reasons observed; reduction of sample thickness, the used of metallic plate on top and at the bottom of the sample and the alternating glass fiber within HFRP had contributed in the reduction of thrust force.

Introduction Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a well-know linear dimension reduction technique widely used in pattern recognition field.
For a task with very high-dimensional data such as face recognition, the traditional LDA algorithm encounters “small sample size problem”.
Obviously, the large class distances are overemphasized, the small class distances are neglected, thus, the resulting transformation preserves the distance of well-separated classes and causes a large overlap of neighboring classes. 2D-DLPP [9]can capture the underlying structure of data by embedding adjacency graphs into 2D-LDA, but the overlap of neighboring classes is still an unresolved issue. 2D-DWLDA [10] only focus on the overlap of neighboring classes, but it neglects the importance of local structure information of data, in addition, removing the null space of between-class matrix by dimensionality reduction will also remove part of the null space of within-class matrix and may result in the loss of important discriminative information.
Two-dimensional weighted and Locality preserving discriminant analysis (2D-WLPDA)1 Principle 2D-LDA is simply saw the Euclidean structure of image space, and it can preserve the global discriminant information of data well in a low-dimensional space when the given data are linearly distributed.
The method can discover the discriminant local structure of sample data by embedding the nearest-neighbor graphs which characterize the within-class compactness of the same class samples.

In the Simple Approach [3], two primary elements (aircraft and engine types) have been simplified in a list of the types of aircraft for which pre-calculated emission data is provided.
(3) where: NjLTO=the number of LTO for aircraft type j Sophisticated Approach requires the actual and refined data obtained from real-time measurements for the calculation.
We input some parameters obtained from QAR data and ICAO emission databank, such as reference initial mass, number of engines, height of initial approach, type of engines, EI etc.
SAGE need more practical data such as operation environment, system parameter etc. 5) EPA, ICAO simple and advanced approach can get the general emission level known by the public.
During the process of the assessment, the accuracy of calculating is determined by the integrality and reliability of collected data.

The reduction in weight of the spring will increase the riding quality and also increase the fuel efficiency.
The reduction in unsprung weight can improve the riding quality and increase fuel efficiency significantly.
Since composite material has a high elastic strain energy storage capacity, it is possible to use composite material to replace the conventional multi leaf steel spring in order to achieve weight reduction without any reduction of the load carrying capacity.
[4] “Analytical and Experimental Studies on Fatigue Life Prediction Of Steel and Composite Multi-leaf Spring for Light Passenger Vehicle Using Life Data Analysis” by Mouleeswaran.S .Kumar, S.Vijayrangam, ISSN 2249-6645 Materials Science.
[5] “Analytical and Experimental studies on Fatigue life Prediction of steel leaf Soring and composite leaf multi leaf spring for Light passenger vehicles using life data analysis”by Senthil kumar and Vijayarangan, ISSN 1392 13material science Vol. 13 No.2 2007.

The hardening of the materials means a reduction of dislocation motion which is known as the main mechanism of damping in magnesium alloys [4].
From this point of view a reduction of the damping is expected.
For the calculation of δ from relaxation data a simplified equation can be used [9], )( )ln(d d 2 2 E E t ∆ ≈ π δ
This approach is able to represent the measured data but does not consider grain boundary sliding which should overlap dislocation motion and contribute to total damping.
The forming process led to a significant reduction of grain size accompanied by an increase of the strength (HallPetch relationship).

The transistor data is summarized in Table 1.
Instead we use the field effect mobility data and compare it with the effective mobility data for Si devices.
The broken line shows best line fit to the Si data of Takagi et al [5].
Also shown is effective mobility data of Takagi et al for n-channel Si MOSFETs [5].
The broken line is a best fit to the Si data.

The data show that the stability of the C-V curves and flatband voltage were significantly improved after annealing at 1050◦C.
From the data in Fig. 1 it can be seen that the oxide capacitance drops with increasing annealing temperature with one data point for 1050◦C showing a reduction of approximately 20% in comparison to the as deposited sample.
The data in Fig. 1 show the hysteresis of C-V curves for samples annealed at different temperatures.
The density of interface traps, Dit, were extracted using the C-ψ technique [10] and the data are shown in Fig. 4.
The data in Fig. 5 show the J-E characteristics of all the samples annealed at different temperatures.

(c) Demonstration of the background reduction.
The lines through the experimental data in a and c are obtained using VEPFIT.
The cyan lines through the experimental data are calculated using a linear combination of the reference spectra (see text) [22].
Hugenschmidt, Novel data analysis tool for the evaluation of Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectra of the positron–electron annihilation line, Nucl.
Jipma, Analysis of positron profiling data by means of “Vepfit”.

Then, QRS detection, modified HOAC, and DCT are utilized to extract features from preprocessed data.
The collected ECG raw data contain both low and high frequency noise components.
After preprocessing, the R peaks of ECG data were localized by using QRS detector proposed from [5].
Here, DCT was utilized to perform the dimensionality reduction.
DCT expresses a sequence of data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies.

An alternative evaluation of diffraction data of nanocparticles, based on the “apparent lattice parameter” is proposed.
Based on new approach (alp – Q plots) to the elaboration of powder diffraction data of nanocrystalline materials we performed a systematic theoretical study of diffraction by nanocrystalline materials using models with different thickness of the surface layer, various magnitudes of the surface strain, and diverse gradients of the strain in the shell [1,2].
Example of alp-Q data determined from theoretical diffraction patterns calculated [3] for different models of SiC nanocrystals are shown in Fig. 1.
Experiment We applied our methodology for evaluation of the experimental diffraction data of different nanocrystalline powders.
At the present stage of our studies we can claim a qualitative agreement between the alp-Q plots determined from the experimental powder diffraction data of nanocrystalline SiC and diamond, and our theoretical calculations.