Search results

The reduction in nugget strength after PWHT is particularly marked and is due to replacement of fine GP zones formed on post weld natural ageing by coarse overaged precipitates.
Introduction The aerospace industry is constantly demanding weight reductions through materials and process development.
For these experiments the beam was shifted down to give a probe size of 1.3mm x 0.7mm with a camera length of 1m, and data aquisition times in the range of 3 to 7 minutes.
The hardness of the parent condition exhibits a reduction from the TAF condition to the PWHT T7 condition by an average of 10 VHN.
This reduction in hardness is due to the replacement of a fine precipitate distribution within the grains (and probably GP zones) by a coarse particle distribution.

A scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a reduction in voids as the waste glass content increased from 0% to 10%.
Introduction According to data from CEMPRE (a Brazilian association of private companies committed to recycling), Brazil produces about 980,000 tons of glass packaging per year, using about 45% of recycled raw material in the form of shards.
The reduction of slump in response to increasing waste glass percentage was attributed mainly to the high percentage of fines in the flat glass powder, i.e., 6.74%, and the angular and lamellar geometry of its particles.
However, in Figure 3 (d) – w/c ratio of 0.58 and 0% of glass content – note that the microstructure showed no reduction of void content with the increase of waste glass percentage from 0% to 10% or with the reduction in w/c ratio.
The SEM micrographs show the main phases of Portland cement concrete, the reduction in void content resulting from the increase of waste glass from 0% to 10%, and the increase in voids in response to increasing w/c ratio.

Substrate sample tested on cold-rolled mill of University of Science and Technology Beijing, after the cold rolling thickness is 1mm, the total cold-rolled rolling reduction rate is 66.7%.
Annealed samples with LEICA VMHT30M type Vickers hardness tester for microscopic hardness testing, load force selection 50 gf, loading time is 10s, then, based on data draws hardness-time profile.
Thus, results of microstructure observation and hardness test is consistent, can be determined the reduction rate of 66.7% refractory weathering steel recrystallization temperature is 650˚C.
The reduction rate of 66.7% refractory weathering steel recrystallization temperature is 650˚C, the start recrystallization temperature is about 600˚C, the end recrystallization temperature is about 680˚C
(3) The reduction rate of 66.7% refractory weathering steel at 700˚C recrystallization annealing time is 1h, the plasticity and strength to get a good match with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.

LiFePO4/C composite cathode material prepared by carbothermal reduction method was coated by metal oxide MnO2, Al2O3, CuO, respectively, by a chemical precipitation method.
But the carbon coating generated from glucose via carbothermal reduction method in our previous study could not form a complete coating network on LiFePO4 particles.
Experimental Carbon coated LiFePO4 composite materials were prepared by carbothermal reduction method.
Table 1 lists the lattice parameters of all the samples, which are very close to the reference data (a=0.6019 nm, b=1.0347 nm, c=0.4704 nm, V=0.2930 nm3).
Conclusions LiFePO4/C composite cathode material prepared by carbothermal reduction method was coated by metal oxide MnO2, Al2O3, CuO, respectively, by a chemical precipitation method.

Introduction To encounter the global warming and CO2 emission problems, save energy and resources, higher fuel efficiency and weight reduction have been intensively demanded for energy related machines, automobiles, trains, airplanes, etc.
From the viewpoints of weight reduction and higher fuel efficiency, application of magnesium alloys as structural materials would be one of the most promising ways.
the empirical creep data from the tests under a constant engineering stress.
Therefore, the difference of creep curves between under tensile and compressive loadings would not only result from the reduction of cross sectional area during tensile loading, but also would be induced by the difference of creep deformation mechanism.
The estimation method of creep curve under a constant true stress was proposed by considering the reduction of cross sectional area in tensile loading.

To verify the diameter data determined by tensile testing an optical measurement of a high amount of fibres embedded in one cross section was carried out. 500 to 1500 dry oxidized fibres (not in a matrix material) were glued on a glass-fibre composite plate and further embedded in an epoxy resin.
The extremely high deviation of measured data is a typical phenomenon for single fibre testing.
and reduction of the fibre diameter starts at 600 �C.
Calculated tensile modulus of virgin fibres is 210 GPa which lies in very good agreement with the relevant product data sheet.
The authors are also thankful to Christina Aust for development a new fibre preparation technique and measurement of fibre cross section as well as statistical evaluation of optical data.

The data sheet of RD-1097-01 damper is presented in Tab. 1 [10].
Although no data for the system with MR damper model is presented here, MR damper was considered within the whole scope of the development process.
As a separate publication, simulation data obtained thanks to embedding MR damper model within the Comsol-Simulink application, will be presented.
After completing the laboratory test rig and setting it in motion, thorough tests are expected to deliver more data for identification and control analyses.
[7] Kciuk S., Martynowicz P.: Special application magnetorheological valve numerical and experimental analysis, Diffusion and Defect Data – Solid State Data.

The experimental results demonstrated that the overall efficiency of the conventional cyclone was similar to that of the proposed device, with the latter displaying a reduction in pressure drop.
The substitution of a filtering medium for the metallic conical part can cause a reduction in the pressure drop of the cyclone (∆P), allowing the air to pass through the cloth as shown in Fig. 2 [2].
Empirical equations fitted to the experimental data are proposed for predicting the efficiency of separation and Euller numbers as a function of the investigated variables.
The correlation coefficients of Eq. 5, 6, 7 and 8 indicate respectively that 97.7; 98.1; 97.0 and 98.1% of the variability of experimental data can be predicted by these equations.
G., Hunter, J.S, "Statistics for Experiments: An Introdudion to Design, Data Analysis and Model Building", John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1978), p. 654.1 Fig.10 - Response surface for Euller number as a function of Zc and Do.

Due to mandatory emission reduction and rising oil prices electric vehicles are about to be introduced in mass markets.
From the China automobile industry yearbooks and china statistical yearbooks, correlative data of automobile industry and china macro economy from 2004 to 2011 are collected.
Table 1 Scale value of EV industry 2015 2020 Eclectric vehicle industrial scale (number of EV vehicle) 1510000 9320000 Under Copenhagen commitment control, the EV scale of China in 2020 is better from 92340 to 102890 [5].Compare the scale data with Table 1, the EV scale in 2020 far more below the necessary number if the government policies stay the same.
The result does not comply with energy conservation and pollution reduction targets and is not conducive to the industrialization of EV industrial development.
The scale of EV in 2020 is 92340,000 which equal to data in Table 2, corresponding values of government policies is in Table 2.

The threshold deformation for the bond formation was reported to be a height reduction of 35 % at 350 °C.
Metallographic results showed cracks in the aluminum layers for height reduction above 50 %.
According to the data a temperature difference of 375 °C was reached during 10 s of cooling which is in good agreement with the prediction given in Fig. 4c).
For 13.5% of reduction an elongation of the cooling time from 7 to 10 s did not result in any advantage regarding the excess length.
A reduction of the length difference of 8 mm (= 26%) was achieved by the cooling procedure.