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Functionally gradient materials provide engineers with the flexibility to design components with different material properties at different locations.
Experimental Approach The Ni-Hard and Stellite feed materials used in this study were received from the US manufacturer.
Mendez, Joining metals using semi-solid slurries, MS Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995
Browne, CDC casting, Advanced Materials & Processes 166(10) (2008) 38-40
Browne, Using the CDC process for the casting of low-cost functionally gradient materials, Foundry Trade Journal International 3644 (2009) 116-118

Xu c* Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences；Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China a E-mail: xuxq@ms.giec.ac.cn, bE-mail: zyhn2002@ms.giec.ac.cn, cE-mail: xugang@ms.giec.ac.cn Key words: ITO; Sol-gel; Organic Ligands; Microstructure; Electrical Property Abstract: The tin doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by sol-gel dip-coating process from InCl2.4H2O and SnCl4 in alcoholic solutions.
Acknowledgement This work is supported by the "Hundred Talents" project of the Chinese Academy of Science on the energy efficient windows in 2005, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2007AA05Z431) and (2007AA03Z326), and 2006 Major Breakthroughs in Key Areas of Guangdong project.
References [1] Hideo Hosono: Thin Solid Films Vol 515(2007), p.6000 [2] Hiroshi Kawazoe,et al.: MRS Bulletin Vol 8 (2000), p. 28 [3] Daoudi K, et al.: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol 21 (2002), p. 313 [4] Djaoued Y: Thin Soild Films,Vol 293 (1997), p. 108 [5] Sumio sakka, in: Sol-gel science and technology processing characterization and applications, Volume I: Sol-gel processing.
Zaharescua, et al: Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol 2(5)(2000),p. 684 [11] Keishi Nishio, Tananori Sei, Toshio Tsuchiya: Journal of Materials Science, Vol 31(1996), p.1761 [12] A.

Color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal.
Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 382-391, (2007).Y.
Mishing, in: Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, edtied by D.
Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003) [6] E.
Journal of aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 5, (2009), pp.1642-1648

Study on Properties of Modified Porous Starch/ Natural Rubber Composite Xue-mei Pan1, a, Min Wu1,b, Si-dong2,3,c, Lin Fang1,d, Zhi-fen Wang1,e, Yang-jian-shu Gao1,f, Le-fan Li1,g, Shuang-quan Liao1,h,* 1College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.
China; Key Lab of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, P.
The increase in fossil energy costs and environmental issues has resulted in the development of biodegradable materials from renewable resources, using other sources replaced carbon black in rubber compounds is required [1, 2].
Eardrod: Materials Letters Vol. 59(2005), p. 4020～4025 [16] C.
Madhavan: Advances in Applied Science Research Vol. 3(2012), p. 162-170

To determine the heterogeneity in mechanical properties the elastic modulus distribution has been calculated due to relationship between the micro hardness and materials strength.
Materials and Methods The probes cutting from 8mm thickness low-alloy steel (St3ps) sheet.
Mikami, Metallurgical and Mechanical Heterogeneity in Weld Materials Considering Multiple Heat Cycles and Phase Transformation, Materials Science Forum, 512 (2006) 19-24
Bisht, Methods for Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection of Civil and Mechanical Systems, Master of Science In Engineering Science and Mechanics Thesis, Blacksburg, Virginia, 2005
Pharr, An improved technique for determination hardness and elasisity modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, Journal of Material Research, 7 (1992) 1564-1583.

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 4(2), 18
Materials Today: Proceedings 50 (2022): 1508-1510
Materials Today: Proceedings, 12, 1234-1242
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Advanced Materials 34.52 (2022): 2200903

Graphite nanosheets are considered as highly prospective filler materials for future polymer composites due to the high aspect ratio and superior electrical and thermal conductivity.
Experimental Materials The unsaturated polyester resin used in this study was supplied by Quanzhou Unsaturated Polyester Resins Factory (Quanzhou, China).
For papers published in translated journals, first give the English citation, then the original foreign-language one [6].
Acknowledgment This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Fund Project of Weifang University (2011Z20), and the Doctoral Science Foundation of Weifang University (2009BS02).
This work is partially supported by the Natural Science Fund Project of Weifang University #2011Z20 to Hongyan Zhang, and the Doctoral Science Foundation of Weifang University #2009BS02 to Haiquan Wang.

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher ) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Porous body preparation of hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration M.
Tanaka1,2 1 Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305- 0044, Japan, KIKUCHI.Masanori@nims.go.jp, IKOMA.Toshiyuki@nims.go.jp, TANAKA.Junzo@nims.go.jp 2 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Kawaguchi Center Building, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan 3 PENTAX Corp., 2-36-9,Maeno-cho,Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8639, Japan, daisuke.shoji@aoc.pentax.co.jp 4 Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan, hnm.mech@tmd.ac.jp, koyama.mech@tmd.ac.jp, itoso.gene@tmd.ac.jp, takakuda.mech@tmd.ac.jp, shinomiya.orth@tmd.ac.jp Keywords: Porous body, hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite, bone tissue regeneration, elastic property Abstract.
Recently, these materials are also used as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering to regenerate critical bone defects by diseases and injuries.
Biopolymers, mainly collagen, are excellent materials for tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility [8], cell affinity and biodegradability.
Conclusion The materials demonstrate excellent elastic properties compared to both ceramics and collagen materials.

Experimental material is coal gangue of Ping Ding Shan Mining Industry and local corn straw.
Table 1 Synthesis Combustion characteristic parameters Material Ti (℃) Th(℃) Sn(min-2K-3) Coal gangue 508 657 3.25E-08 Corn straw 262 483 1.08E-06 Mixture( 8:2) 294 644 4.54E-08 Mixture (7:3) 280 622 6.36E-08 Mixture (5:5) 271 630 1.05E-07 Table2 Combustion kinetics parameters Material E (KJ/mol) A(1/min) Correlation coefficient Coal gangue 83.75 0.9995 4.47E+04 Corn straw 102.11 0.9981 2.17E+09 57.42 0.9941 1.01E+04 Mixture( 8:2) 43.33 0.9972 5.54E+02 53.31 0.9922 6.91E+02 Mixture (7:3) 55.62 0.9897 1.56E+02 43.21 0.9865 7.32E+04 Mixture (5:5) 62.12 0.9857 7.32E+04 Conclusion Experiment show that coal gangue has characteristics of high ignition temperature and poor combustion.
Burning effect depends on the material mixture ratio with coal gangue and corn straw.
[3] Ling Zeng and SHuhua Gu, Development of energy forestry, agriculture for china energy safe, Soft Science, Beijing, vol. Ⅸ, 2005, pp. 79–83
A Study of the Characteristics of Mixed burning of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Coal by a TG Method：submitted to Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and power（2003）

The analytical grade zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O), manganese acetate tetrahydrate (Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O), citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O) were used as raw materials.
Some samples were further dried at 300, 400 and 500◦C in air atmosphere to drive off the remaining organic materials in the film.
[5] Ruh Ullah, Joydeep Dutta, Journal of Hazardous Materials 156 (2008) 194–200 [6] T.Z.
Tian, et.al., Journal of Hazardous Materials 155 (2008) 572–579 [7] S.
[25] S.K.Kansal, M.Singh, D.Sud, Journal of Hazardous Materials 141 (2007) 581.