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Propagating and Reconstructing Cracks in 3D in Cement-based Materials Guanguo Liu 1,2,a, Aibin Ma 1,b, Honggen Qin3,c, Ping Zhang3,d 1 College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2 Jiangsu Transportation Institute Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Large-span Bridge Health Inspection & Diagnosis Technology Ministry of Communications, Nanjing 211112, China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Material, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China algg@jstri.com,b aibin-ma@hhu.edu.cn, c qinhonggen@126.com, dzhangpingseu@163.com Keywords: X-CT; Cracks;Three-dimensional reconstruction; Quantitative calculation Abstract: Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative calculation were performed by X-ray computerized tomography to propagate cracks in paste, mortar, and concrete specimens.
Introduction Controlling cracks in concrete structures has been a research emphasis in structural engineering and materials science for many years.
Raw materials and mix proportion Approximately 40 mm was cut from the head of a cylinder after a certain period.
Chob L.C.Wang The relationship between pore structure and chloride diffusivity from ponding test in cement-based materials Materials Chemistry and Physics 2005.11
Computed tomography technology for microstructural studying on cement-based materials: a review on the state of the art[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society，2010,38（7）：1346-1356

Fig. 1 Total production 260 000 tons all production processes (bio-composites: 350 000 tons production of wood and natural composites in the European Union 2012) [4] Huge amount of bio-materials are used in automotive industry (Fig. 1).
Material and parameters of cutting process Experiment was realized on the Wood Plastic Composite (in short WPC – Fig. 2, hybrid material composed of natural wood particle – more than 70 % and plastic matrix from polyethylene with high density).
Arora, in: Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, edited by Elsevier, volume 35, Elsevier (2004) [3] V.
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These types of materials are widely used in automobiles, nuclear reactor, defense and aerospace sectors etc.
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Mohd Radzi, Hot Machining of AISI D2 Hardened Steel with Coated Carbide Inserts, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 2, (2009) 421-427

Yoon-Tae, A study on the springback in the sheet metal flange drawing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Cao, Analysis of microbending of CuZn37 brass foils based on strain gradient hardening models, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
El-Magd, Behaviour of Cu-Zn alloys in high speed shear tests and in chip formation processes, Materials Science and Engineering.
Vilac, Material flow in heterogeneous friction stir welding of thin aluminium sheets: Effect of shoulder geometry, Materials Science and Engineering.
Yoshida, Role of counterpunch for square-cup drawing of tailored blank composed of thick/thin sheets, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

The plate is , has a thickness of and is made from the stiffener material and weaker material .
Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 36(1): 14-19, 2003
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2004; 61: 2296-2315
Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 18 No. 21, 2009
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Secondly, tool materials must be selected reasonably.
Yan, etc: Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 500 (2012), pp. 13-19
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He, etc: Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 500 (2012), pp. 563-568
Song: Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 46(2010), No. 9, pp. 187-189.

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2008, 34: 633– 666
Journal of renewable energy, 2007, 25(3)：50~53
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2006,123: 71–80
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Characterization and Modification of Nitrile Rubber in the Transformer Oil Song Zhang1,a, Moran Sun1, Liwen Tang1, Fang Hu1,2, Chunhua Zhang1, Yuhua Miao2, Yuan Zhang3 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang, Liaoning, 110870, China 2Avic Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang, 110034, China 3TBEA Shenyang Transformer Co.
Materials and methods Materials and samples preparation.
[5] Hsien-Tang Chiu and Peir-An Tsai: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol. 15(2006), p. 88-94
[6] Jae-Hyeok Choi, Hee-Jin Kang, Hyun-Yong Jeong, et al: Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Vol. 19(2005), p. 1229-1242
[7] Song Zhang, Liwen Tang, Moran Sun, et al: Advanced Materials Research Vol. 476-478(2012), p. 2252-2255

In fact, there was a very close relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the materials and the formation of biofouling.
Model structures In this case, select the 22 kinds of surface materials from reference [5] as the training samples.
The predicting results showed that the model built could effectively predict the average biofouling amount of many kinds of materials.
Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, Vol. 22 (2007), p. 12 [3] Zhao B, Yang S R, Liu F.
Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, Vol. 31 (2010), p. 299 [5] Yu R H.

Experimental Materials.
Then pour the mixing materials spirally along the mold’s edge towards its center.
Shi: Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science).
Li: Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition).
Wang, et al: Journal of Building Materials.