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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Balasubramanian Periyasamy, Muhammad Afzaal, Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
Maximum metal reductions for Fe, Mn and Zn were 2.06 ppm, 0.081 ppm, and 0.064 ppm respectively obtained at 0.08 g/cm3 packing density and 5 ml/min flow rate.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for identification of significant factors at p = 0.05 (1) Results and discussion Effect of Packing Density and Flow Rate As shown in Table 2, maximum Fe, Mn and Zn reductions were 2.064, 0.082 ppm and 0.064 ppm, respectively at 0.08 g/cm3 packing density and 5 ml/min flow rate.
Interaction of factors The Pareto charts of Fe, Mn and Zn removal from different packing density and flow rates (results not shown) suggest that the packing density (p<0.0008, p<0.0010, respectively) has the most significant positive effect on all metals, and flow rate (p<0.0072, p<0.0244, respectively) has the most negative effect on Fe and Mn reduction.
The response surface methodology model fitted well to the experimental data suggesting good agreement between experimental and predicted values.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for identification of significant factors at p = 0.05 (1) Results and discussion Effect of Packing Density and Flow Rate As shown in Table 2, maximum Fe, Mn and Zn reductions were 2.064, 0.082 ppm and 0.064 ppm, respectively at 0.08 g/cm3 packing density and 5 ml/min flow rate.
Interaction of factors The Pareto charts of Fe, Mn and Zn removal from different packing density and flow rates (results not shown) suggest that the packing density (p<0.0008, p<0.0010, respectively) has the most significant positive effect on all metals, and flow rate (p<0.0072, p<0.0244, respectively) has the most negative effect on Fe and Mn reduction.
The response surface methodology model fitted well to the experimental data suggesting good agreement between experimental and predicted values.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Zhi Zhang
Network communication method is fundamental to guarantee the communication data for efficient transmission[1].
In the card, there are buffers for receiving data, the buffer is a ring of Fifo, the page is the basic unit of the buffer.
When the current page data is read by the program, BNRY will automatically add 1.
The ICMP protocol only needs to support the echo protocol, then, it can response to the Ping data packet.
When the device receives the incidental sequence code data, it needs to reply to confirm the sequence code.
In the card, there are buffers for receiving data, the buffer is a ring of Fifo, the page is the basic unit of the buffer.
When the current page data is read by the program, BNRY will automatically add 1.
The ICMP protocol only needs to support the echo protocol, then, it can response to the Ping data packet.
When the device receives the incidental sequence code data, it needs to reply to confirm the sequence code.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Jaroslaw Piątkowski
The following parameters were determined: tensile strength (Rm), yield strength (R0.2), elongation (A5), and reduction of area after specimen fracture (Z).
Average values of the reduction of area after specimen fracture (Z) and of elongation (A5), plotted in function of the technological variant selected, are shown in Figure 3.
Data on the mechanical and thermal loads under which pistons are operating show that piston crown must withstand the stresses of approximately 80 MPa at the moment of the maximum load application.
These data indicate that overheating the alloy to a temperature of 920oC and holding at this temperature for 30 minutes (SP) as well as a combined process of overheating and modification with phosphorus (SPM) result in the smallest drop of the yield strength R0.2 at elevated temperatures (42%).
On the other hand, a growing tendency has been observed in the reduction of area and unit elongation after fracture (both at ambient temperature and at the of 250°C).
Average values of the reduction of area after specimen fracture (Z) and of elongation (A5), plotted in function of the technological variant selected, are shown in Figure 3.
Data on the mechanical and thermal loads under which pistons are operating show that piston crown must withstand the stresses of approximately 80 MPa at the moment of the maximum load application.
These data indicate that overheating the alloy to a temperature of 920oC and holding at this temperature for 30 minutes (SP) as well as a combined process of overheating and modification with phosphorus (SPM) result in the smallest drop of the yield strength R0.2 at elevated temperatures (42%).
On the other hand, a growing tendency has been observed in the reduction of area and unit elongation after fracture (both at ambient temperature and at the of 250°C).
Online since: March 2006
Authors: Hong Wei Ma, Zai Bin Cheng, Jianyun Chen, Zhi Hua Wang
Modal vibration test data ,such as stuctural natural frequencies and mode shapes ,can characterize
the state of the structure[1]and using them to determine global defects has been investigated[2,3].
If the linear analytical model were an exact match to the experimental data, the predicted frequency changes given by Eq.4 would be identical to the measured changes
So,we only consider the split mode with the lower frequency as it undergoes a greater frequency reduction, and, hence, is more sensitive to damage.
The damage will be introduced by subjecting a specific element to a homogeneous 25% reduction in the elastic moduli for the shell model.
It is found that the proposed approach gives good predictions of the absolute stiffness reduction with maximum errors less than 8%.
If the linear analytical model were an exact match to the experimental data, the predicted frequency changes given by Eq.4 would be identical to the measured changes
So,we only consider the split mode with the lower frequency as it undergoes a greater frequency reduction, and, hence, is more sensitive to damage.
The damage will be introduced by subjecting a specific element to a homogeneous 25% reduction in the elastic moduli for the shell model.
It is found that the proposed approach gives good predictions of the absolute stiffness reduction with maximum errors less than 8%.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Sanjivani Mahor, Nishant Shrivastava, Ashutosh K. Dubey
In Section 3 we discuss about Data Model.
Data Model The data model should be well integrated with the application in mobile field collection system.
According to the workflow of data collection and different usage of data, the data in the whole system is divided into three kinds: background referencing layer, vector layer for inquiries and navigation, and collected field data layer. 1) Background referencing layer Background layer mainly indicates the layer which displays to be referenced.
Their names and descriptions are all captured into attribute data and they are effectively classified for data query.
REPDRS included the remote sensing data processing technology and the earthquake experiences; it can improve the assessment precision of earthquake damage that will make this kind of system more useful in disaster reduction.
Data Model The data model should be well integrated with the application in mobile field collection system.
According to the workflow of data collection and different usage of data, the data in the whole system is divided into three kinds: background referencing layer, vector layer for inquiries and navigation, and collected field data layer. 1) Background referencing layer Background layer mainly indicates the layer which displays to be referenced.
Their names and descriptions are all captured into attribute data and they are effectively classified for data query.
REPDRS included the remote sensing data processing technology and the earthquake experiences; it can improve the assessment precision of earthquake damage that will make this kind of system more useful in disaster reduction.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Eliška Janouchová, Anna Kučerová, Jan Sýkora
The most common method of parameter estimation is based
on fitting the response of a model to the experimental data.
This approach leads to optimising parameters so as to minimise the difference between the data and the model response.
The proposed methodology is based on transformation of the data by principal component analysis (PCA) into a set of uncorrelated quantities [17].
Considering only a reasonable number of the principal components in the stochastic model updating procedure, it specifically means a reduction of the data dimension to the dimension of the material parameters, allows eliminating the influence of experimental errors to a certain extent.
In this context the identification is successful, see Fig. 4.0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 S PDF Experiments Synthetic data MCMC 0 1000 2000 Nf PDF Experiments Synthetic data MCMC 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 S PDF Experiments Synthetic data MCMC Fig. 4: Comparison of experimental observations and model responses corresponding to the identified parameters' distribution.
This approach leads to optimising parameters so as to minimise the difference between the data and the model response.
The proposed methodology is based on transformation of the data by principal component analysis (PCA) into a set of uncorrelated quantities [17].
Considering only a reasonable number of the principal components in the stochastic model updating procedure, it specifically means a reduction of the data dimension to the dimension of the material parameters, allows eliminating the influence of experimental errors to a certain extent.
In this context the identification is successful, see Fig. 4.0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 S PDF Experiments Synthetic data MCMC 0 1000 2000 Nf PDF Experiments Synthetic data MCMC 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 S PDF Experiments Synthetic data MCMC Fig. 4: Comparison of experimental observations and model responses corresponding to the identified parameters' distribution.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Lei Sun, Ya Deng, Tong Xing, He Xin, Zhong Fu Tan
Regression analysis model based on the Path-STIRPAT model data
Data.
The reference data in this paper is cited in the, and defined variables are shown in Table 3-1.
As shown in Figure 3-2, the actual and fitted curves of the amount of CO2 emissions fit well to a high degree to 0.98, so that it is not hard to see that the imitative effect of the model is very good, and based on the original data, the model has a strong predictive function.
For Beijing, improving the technical level and developing high-tech industry are still the most important ways in CO2 reduction.
Study on Influencing Factors of COz Emissions from Industrial Energy Consumption: An Empirical Analysis Based on STIRPAT Model and Industrial Sectors' Dynamic Panel Data in Shanghai [J].Journal of Finance and Economics. , 2010, 36(11): 16-27
The reference data in this paper is cited in the
As shown in Figure 3-2, the actual and fitted curves of the amount of CO2 emissions fit well to a high degree to 0.98, so that it is not hard to see that the imitative effect of the model is very good, and based on the original data, the model has a strong predictive function.
For Beijing, improving the technical level and developing high-tech industry are still the most important ways in CO2 reduction.
Study on Influencing Factors of COz Emissions from Industrial Energy Consumption: An Empirical Analysis Based on STIRPAT Model and Industrial Sectors' Dynamic Panel Data in Shanghai [J].Journal of Finance and Economics. , 2010, 36(11): 16-27
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Xian Zheng Gong, Xian Ce Meng, Qi Qi Zhang
Data Source.
The data of this study mainly come from the published literatures and the production process investigations of Chinese representative graphite enterprises.
The data source of auxiliary materials production are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Data source of auxiliary materials production.
These emission data are estimated according to the related literatures [15,16].
The data of this study mainly come from the published literatures and the production process investigations of Chinese representative graphite enterprises.
The data source of auxiliary materials production are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Data source of auxiliary materials production.
These emission data are estimated according to the related literatures [15,16].
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Andrei A. Vodyankin, Olga V. Vodyankina
According to the experimental data, TiO2/SiO2 photocatalysts proved to be more active in comparison with TiO2/Al2O3 materials.
The degree of photoelectrochemical deposition of metals on the surface of photocatalytic materials was determined from the atomic-emission analysis data of the liquid phase (mother solutions) and solid phase (samples) using the ICAP 6300 DuO Thermo spectrometer.
According to the data presented in Fig. 3, polycrystalline TiO2 (sample 6) generates free charge carriers in the approximate ratio of 1:1 in the absence of electromagnetic field caused by the support, while synthesized materials deposited on the electron-acceptor supports show high selectivity towards generation of electronic vacancies.
For the series of TiO2/SiO2 samples the results of catalytic experiment are in a good correlation with the data presented in Fig. 3.
The activity decreases with the reduction of selectivity towards generation of electron vacancies.
The degree of photoelectrochemical deposition of metals on the surface of photocatalytic materials was determined from the atomic-emission analysis data of the liquid phase (mother solutions) and solid phase (samples) using the ICAP 6300 DuO Thermo spectrometer.
According to the data presented in Fig. 3, polycrystalline TiO2 (sample 6) generates free charge carriers in the approximate ratio of 1:1 in the absence of electromagnetic field caused by the support, while synthesized materials deposited on the electron-acceptor supports show high selectivity towards generation of electronic vacancies.
For the series of TiO2/SiO2 samples the results of catalytic experiment are in a good correlation with the data presented in Fig. 3.
The activity decreases with the reduction of selectivity towards generation of electron vacancies.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Dan Nicolae Ungureanu, Adrian Catangiu, Veronica Despa, Carmen Adriana Cîrstoiu, Alexandru Ioan Ivan
Because the microgripper arm has a reduction of section in the compliance area, for mathematical modeling the beam will be considered with a constant section, by applying a correction factor that will take into account the effect of the compliance.
The bending deformation force was measured using a quartz crystal balance, and the deformation was measured with a Laser triangulation system Keyence LK-G3001PV (with a precision of 0.05 μm), which allows recording data by a specific software.
Experimental setup for determining the compliance effect The experimental results for the two section reduction (compliant) arms of the microgripper are shown in Fig. 5.
Force-deformation dependence on bending tests performed on section reduction arms The slope of the curve represents the value of the elastic constant.
In order to achieve the model of the compliance effect, tests were carried out on the arms with and without section reduction, from which a global elastic correction coefficient Kg, was determined.
The bending deformation force was measured using a quartz crystal balance, and the deformation was measured with a Laser triangulation system Keyence LK-G3001PV (with a precision of 0.05 μm), which allows recording data by a specific software.
Experimental setup for determining the compliance effect The experimental results for the two section reduction (compliant) arms of the microgripper are shown in Fig. 5.
Force-deformation dependence on bending tests performed on section reduction arms The slope of the curve represents the value of the elastic constant.
In order to achieve the model of the compliance effect, tests were carried out on the arms with and without section reduction, from which a global elastic correction coefficient Kg, was determined.