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It is very significantly important to seek energy-saving and environment-friendly methods for the process of desalinating brackish water with energy shortage increasingly intensifying and with awareness of human being enthancing on energy conservation and emission reduction.
The above parameters require to be getting through regression from the experiment data of hydrate formation, the value is various for different structure of the corresponding hydrate, concrete number seen from table 1[12, 13].
（5） In this equation, Aij, Bij, Dij is required by data fitting using phase equilibrium experiment of gas hydrate, the value used in this article is got from datas in table 2 and table 3[14].
Tab. 6 Phase equilibrium data for gas hydrate in aqueous NaCl solution Guest Molecules Mass Fraction of NaCl Solution /% Experiment Pressure/MPa Experime Temperature /K Temperature Prediction/K Relative Error/% Average Relative Error/% CH4 20 4.235 264.71[13] 263.96 0.28 0.30 5.406 266.93[13] 266.09 0.31 6.337 268.35[13] 267.45 0.34 7.868 270.02[13] 269.28 0.27 9.213 271.43[13] 270.57 0.32 C2H6 20 0.736 265.36[16,17] 264.26 0.41 0.23 0.942 267.10[16,17] 266.23 0.33 1.196 268.80[16,17] 268.25 0.20 1.499 270.55[16,17] 270.30 0.10 1.825 271.90[16,17] 272.26 0.13 C3H8 15 0.221 266.15[16,17] 265.86 0.11 0.12 0.241 266.75[16,17] 266.22 0.20 0.290 267.35[16,17] 267.02 0.12 0.379 268.15[16,17] 268.20 0.02 0.455 268.65[16,17] 269.04 0.15 The Calculation Results and Discussion of Phase Equilibrium Conditions in NaCl Solution The solubility of NaCl changes negligibly with temperature reducing[18], the solubility of NaCl is 35.6g and 36.0g respectively when the temperature is at 293.15K and 273.15K
When the temperature of the alpine region is less than250K, we can utlize cold quantity provided by environment for the process of hydrate formation, which save large amount of electricity, having great potential on energy conservation and emission reduction.

The proposed fault diagnosis program consists of five procedures: data acquisition, feature extraction, feature reduction, training ANFIS and fault classification.
Feature reduction.
The data obtained from previous procedure is split into two data sets: training and testing data.
Data Description.
Data set B has training subset and testing subset, which totally contains 288 data samples.

The proposed damage index uses data on exclusively mode shape curvature from the damaged structure.
In order to ascertain the sensitivity of the proposed method for noisy experimental data, numerical mode shapes are corrupted with different levels of random noise.
However, the major drawback of those methods is the need for data on the healthy structure, which sometimes can be difficult or even impossible to obtain.
Several sets of simulated data were used for investigating the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm for detecting and locating damage in plate-like structures.
Chate, Damage detection in laminated composite beam by using vibration data, Journal of Vibroengineering 11(3) (2009) 363–373

Directly saving by use existing materials It is can be seen from the table below, a total reduction of £199,658, which means more than 50% expense of the conventional methods has been saved by using in situ recycling.
Reduction of energy used in construction A big amount of lorry movements were avoided by not taking existing materials away for disposal and not having to transport new materials to site.
The reduction in the number of vehicles used also caused less exhausted emitted to the air.
Reduction of delays on the network Road closures would probably be required during the construction period and it would cause road network to be less effective than before.
Using tables to list items of cost to compare the different expenditures during the project construction period could give an instinct information of the different economy efficiencies to help judgment making, and using data to act as the evidence in an argument is more sensitive and reliable.

Results and discussion Table 1 shows the absorption frequencies of IR spectrum data on methyl 2-methoxy-propyl carbonate.
Its MS data in Fig.1 revealed by the mass spectrum obtained are explained respectively to M-1(147), [CH3OCOOCHCH2OCH3]+(133), [CH3OCOOCH2CH2]+(103), [HOCOOCH2CH2]+(89), [OCOCH2CH2]+(72), [CH2CH2OCH3]+(59), [CH2OCH3]+(45), [HC≡C-CH2]+, [CH2CH3]+, [CH3]+(15).
From the data presented above, that were acquired through FT-IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS analyses, it is easily confirmed that the newly prepared oxygenate is methyl 1-methoxy-2-propyl carbonate with its chemical structure being CH3OCOOCH2CH(CH3)OCH3.
Tab.1 Main data of IR spectrum of methyl 2-methoxy-propyl carbonate Frequency/cm-1 Group Vibration type Strength 2986.48 2935.94 -CH3, -CH2 νas m 1747.50 C=O ν S 1446.37 -CH3, -CH2 δ m 1276.33 C-O-C νas S 1115.75 1066.57 C-O-C νs m Tab.2 1H NMR data of methyl 2-methoxy-propyl carbonate Chemical shift/10-6 Proton peak splitting Peak area/Proton number 4.940 3.785 3.437 3.400 1.284 Multiple Single Multiple Single Multiple 2.00/1 6.44/3 4.74/2 6.22/3 7.59/3 Fig.1 MS data of methyl 2-methoxy-propyl carbonate Physicochemical properties and diesel engine test of the fuel blend[7] physicochemical properties All the test methods accord as China national standard, a commercial No.0 diesel fuel meeting China national standard specification was used as base reference fuel into which the oxygenate was added for all comparison studies in the paper.
Review of NOX reduction technologies in CI engines fuelled with oxygenated biomass fuels[J].

Experimental data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and optimum condition was achieved for evaluation criteria.
Tools manufacturing through PM process is an alternative tooling option for EDM electrodes where the desirable properties of different materials can be combined and a large number of tool electrodes can be made from a single die and punch assembly, resulting in an overall reduction of EDM tooling cost [3].
[8] used L18 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi experimental method to determine EDM machining performance of conductive ceramics (Al2O3 + 30 vol% TiC) and the experimental data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA.
The Taguchi method uses signal to noise (S/N) ratio to quantify the variation in data.
It was further observed that breakdown of tungsten from the electrode occurs which gets deposited on the work surface causing an appreciable reduction in the Ra value.

Generally, the following simulation setting data (see Table 2) have to be inputted to the software for the rotating cases.
Table 2 The simulation setting data inputs for FEM simulation Forming Machine Hydraulic Press Simulation Module 3D Rotating Speed for the Lower Die 0.2rad/sec Constant Shear Friction at the Upper/Bottom interface 0.3/0.1 Reduction Ratio 18.67~32.67% Moving Speed for the Upper Die 2mm/sec Flow Stress of Upper-Layer Cylinder SUS304H : Flow Stress of Bottom-Layer Cylinder SAE1039 : Geometry of Upper-layer Cylinder Geometry of Bottom-layer Cylinder Fig. 3 presents the corresponding results including the effective stress, the effective strain and material flow of the double-layer clad cylinder after compression whether considering the rotating effect.
Results and Discussions The compression forces obtained by the Slab analysis and FEM simulation under the given reduction ratios for various clad height ratios can be compared whether considering the rotating effect.
Fig. 4 is variation of compression force in non-rotating compression with reduction under different clad height ratios.
And due to the embedding effect which hard layer embeds into the soft layer during the compression, the soft layer size will bigger with the increasing of reduction ratio.

Pujana applied ultrasonic vibration on drilling Ti6Al4V and observed force reduction and temperature increment during the process [2].
Including all the benefits that ultrasonic brings to drilling process, thrust force reduction is the most important one.
Many researchers have discussed the thrust force reduction through both of the theoretical analysis and the experiments.
A data acquisition card recorded the data and sent it to the computer.
For the cutting lips, the reduction of thrust force is more significant than that of the chisel edge.

Driven largely by the never ending quest for weight reduction to decrease fuel consumption and emission, the automotive industry is predicting significant growth in the use of aluminum alloys.
This is important both in environmental point of view and in commercial point of view, because the environmental data are sensitive to the design of the cast part and the efficiency of the die casting operation.
Introduction Driven largely by the never ending quest for weight reduction to decrease fuel consumption and emission, the automotive industry is predicting significant growth in the use of aluminum alloys.
The process evaluated was based on yields of finished parts relative to the metal input with the emphasis to obtain life cycle inventory data, quantify environmental impacts and try to get solutions for environmental improvement.
In this study, LCA was carried out to evaluate the potential environmental impact of cold chamber type die casting process for aluminum alloys by the function unit of 1kg aluminum components based on 1 year life cycle inventory (LCI) data collection.

Fabrication of PMMA/Ag Core-shell Nanostructures with Two Steps Zhihua Chen1, 2, 3,a, Zheng Wu 1,b ,Jianjun Bao1, 4,c, Gaoqing (Max) Lu 1, 2,d, Qiqing Zhang 3,e , Lianzhou Wang1, 2,f , Xianfang Zhu 1, 2, g× 1 China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials (Originally Laboratory of Low Dimensional Nanostructure) and Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China 2 ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia 3 Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China a chenzhihua1010@163.com, b2WZ2@163.com,c jjbao2000@163.com, dmaxlu@uq.edu.au, e zhangqiq@xmu.edu.cn, f l.wang@uq.edu.au, gzhux@xmu.edu.cn, x corresponding author Keywords: PMMA/Ag core-shell nanostructure, particle surface treatment, Ag reduction
The procedure includes an improved particle surface treatment and an improved, subsequent Ag reduction reaction strategy.
From the measured data, the average diameter (davg) of particle(nm) and coefficient of variation(CV) of the prepared samples is analyzed. davg and CV are respectively defined as: （1） and , （2） where N is the total number of particle, di is the diameter of individual particle(nm), CV stands for the coefficient of variation.