Search results

The reduction of solder squeeze out is significant for all chip sizes.
This is on the one hand due to the improved material properties of the diffusion solder and on the other hand due the reduction of the bond line thickness.
Data for conventional solder are marked in red, data for diffusion solder in green. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 time in sec Tj in °C Fig. 4: Junction temperature Tj during a sine-half wave surge current of 10 ms.
This provides strongly improved temperature stability with respect, e.g., to the tendency for Kirkendall void formation.The reduction of the maximum junction temperature during ~ms surge pulses for a given current as shown in Fig. 4 also improves the device reliability: The Coffin-Manson model used to determine the device lifetime during repetitive pulses strongly depends on the maximum junction temperature reached during the pulses.

In order to studying the anticancer activity of juglone (1), plumbagin (2) and isoplumbagin (3), we synthesized 1-3 from 4,8-dihydroxynaphthol-β-D-glucoside (4) by a serious of reactions such as deglycosylation, etherification, Duff reaction, Clemmensen reduction and oxidation reaction.
Target compound 2 was synthesized by Clemmensen reduction then oxidation with CAS in 69% yield.
The structures of the target compounds were determined by their physicochemical properties, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data that were shown in Ref. [8].
Compound 8 was reduced by Clemmensen reduction in 64 % yield, and then oxidized with CAS to give 10 in 83 % yield.
The structure of 3 was determined by the physicochemical properties, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data that were shown in Ref. [9].

The error data of the component contour deformation were processed and the component deformation contour was fitted, which makes the test result of the contour method and FE simulation result have good consistency.
In this work, the error data caused by datum inconsistencies and variation of the thickness of the component were analyzed, the cubic spline interpolation was adopted for deformation contour of component, which makes the test result of contour method for quenching residual stress of 7050 aluminum alloy typical component more accurate.
Proposing a method of averaging and smooth surface fitting to the original deformation contour data of two cut surface of cross-shaped component to eliminate the measurement error and machining error.
(a) Measured contour datum of the cutting plane (b) Smoothed surface after data processing Fig. 5.
Data processing A FE model of one-half component was built to calculate the residual stresses normal to the cutting surface using linear elastic analysis.

It was found that influence of aeration of calcium silicate composite causes reduction of compressive strength by roughly 85%.
Figure 3 Compressive strength of composites and AAC The values were first analyzed as an integrated data set.
It is interesting that 30% replacement of each of the raw materials caused the most marked reduction of compressive strength of AAC compared to composite, the drop was by about 88%.
Decrease of intensity of tobermorite or reduction of development of crystallization of this mineral in expanded structure is relatively surprising.
It was found that after expansion of AAC, the reduction of strengths compared to non-expanded composite is almost constant.

Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) was carried out on the 1100 series TPDRO (Thermo) instrument.
In agreement with the thermodynamic predictions, the further reduction of MnO to Mn does not occur in between 0 and 800℃.
In general, the reduction peak of pure NiO shows a sharp reduction peak at about 400-450℃ followed by a small hump [25,26].In the TPR profile of Mn/TiO2 and Mn-Ni/TiO2with CO(NH2)2-NH3·H2O or H2O2 as precipitant preparation of catalysts, the broad superimposing peak of H2 consumption was observed from 388℃, which indicated the reduction of (Mn-Ni)xOy due to the interactions of Ni and Mn atoms (Fig. 4(b)).
The peak at the higher would be related to the reduction process of Ni2+ species [27].
TPR data results are in agreement with XPS results that the absence of the high-temperature peak indicates that the dominant phase in the Mn-Ni/TiO2 catalysts is MnO2.

The stress-strain data are applied to the Finite Element Method to analyze the formability of the bearing cover.
The change in internal diameter reduction under different specific height reductions are plotted on the calibration curve chart.
Experimental results were plotted on the calibration curve chart developed by Lee and Altan [11]to acquire data for the constant friction factor under different fabrication conditions.
Based on simulation results, the change in specific height reduction and change in specific internal diameter reduction to confirm the accuracy of the friction factor.
These experimental data are input into DEFORM for finite element analysis.

From the experimental results, decreasing of bending moment by bottom pushing-up resulted in the springback reduction.
Fig. 3 shows the comparison of the calculated results of springback angles by calculating from the Y-U and IH model with the corresponding experimental data in conventional U-bending process for various pressure pad; F2.
From this result, it can be seen that the Y–U model agree well with the experimental data to descript the springback angles than IH model.
Fig. 7 shows the springback summarizes of experimental data for 780G and 980Y obtained from experiments under the constant clamping force of 2 kN with various x distances.
(a) summarizes the experimental data of 780Y (b) summarizes the experimental data of 980G Fig. 7.

In addition, analytical data on the study of the slag mode during the fluidization of the alloy are presented.
The results of the evaluation of oxygen activity in metal depending on the chemical composition of slag oxidation and reduction cycles in the furnace are presented.
This research is expected to be a highly innovative project for energy saving, waste reduction and clean production in the iron and steel industry in the future [8, 9, 10].
In the process of diffusion deoxidation of steel, the reduction of iron and manganese and silicon oxides in the slag and the activity of oxygen in the steel occur.
High diffusion in the arc furnace allows for a greater reduction of oxygen activity during deoxidation.

However, the difficulty that arises is that the historical simulation method requires sufficient historical data or using GARCH or EMWA modes, as appropriate, to adjust the parameters.
The greenhouse gas emissions data of various businesses involves business secrets such as the development of various products and the amount of production capacity; hence, obtaining an emissions list from companies is difficult.
Consequently, the study period for foreign exchange data, carbon emissions volume, and industry financial data is 2005 to 2009.
The Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict the enterprise’s overall carbon tax and business net profit, which is an improvement over the previous method of evaluating an enterprise’s financial risk caused by carbon reduction because the previous method considers only greenhouse gas emissions inventory data.
Hendricks: Evaluation of Value at Risk Models Using Historical data, Economics Policy Review 2, 39-69 (1996) [5] P.

In this paper we have proposed a modified expression for the fitting M(T) data in Co-P powders with nanocorundum and nanodiamond precipitates.
The obtained Bloch constant is in good agreement with literature data.
Fitting the experimental data with the Bloch’s T 3/2 law allows one to calculate the exchange interaction constant of the material [2–7].
Experimental M(T) data for the samples I and II were fitted by Eq.4.
Iskhakov, Analysis of phase composition of Co-P alloy powders using magnetometric data, Phys.