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Navruz et al. investigated the influence of overlap of absorption coefficient between any two of the three bands (CB, IB and VB) on the η [6].
Qingwen Deng et al. studied the influence of size and interdot spacing of QDs on the detailed balance limit efficiency of InGaN/InN QD-IBSCs through solving the Schrödinger equation [10].
With regard to the CdTe (ΔEG-CdTe=1.54 eV) QD-IBSC, the quantized energy levels in QDs fall down with increasing the d value, the upper sub-gap width (EL=1.54-C×d-2) of IBSC rises while the under sub-gap one (EH=ΔEG-EL=0.46+C×d-2) decreases.
The increase of EL between IB and CB benefits to absorb short wave photons since EL near the low energy edge of the main peak of solar spectrum, hence more sunlight are absorbed to boost the photon-generated current with a result of enhancing the Jsc and η, as exhibited in Fig. 2.
With respect to the Ge (ΔEG-Ge=0.66 eV) QD-IBSC, the quantized energy levels in QD also drop down with increasing the QD size, the value of EL(0.66-C×d-2) increases while that of EH=ΔEG-EL= 1.34+C×d-2 decreases.

The addition of Ca remarkably improved the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the yield strength (YS), while dramatically reduced the elongation (El).
Recently, the properties of DSed Mg-xZn alloys were studied by Jia et al. [10, 11], and the results indicate that the mechanical and corrosion properties of alloys with the columnar structure could satisfy the requirements of implant materials.
At the same time the El droped sharply.
Alloy YS[MPa] UTS [MPa] El[%] Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca 31.4 140.3 12.5 Mg-3Zn-0.5Ca 55.2 147.5 5.0 Mg-3Zn-0.8Ca 80.5 157.5 3.6 500μm 500μm 500μm Fig. 4 Fracture morphology of DSed alloys (a)Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca, (b)Mg-3Zn-0.5Ca, (c) Mg-3Zn-0.8Ca.
Thus, the El decreases with the increase of Ca.

After castings the casting rings were left to cool by it self, as it is usually done at laboratories Ganzarolli el.al.and Strandman el.al
Conclusions Our study is in accordance with the study of Issac. el.al. demonstrating that with the increasing number of casting the hardness also increases and mechanical values change.
The difference with the study of Ozdemir. et al.
Kratzenstein and et al.: Dtsch Zahnarztl Z Vol. 42(1987), p.949
Mosleh I and et al.: Egypt Dent J Vol. 41(1995), p.1357.

Table 1 Chemical composition and measured Ac1, Ac3 and Ms of steel tube (mass / %) C Si Mn P S Al Nb Ti Ac1 (°C) Ac3 (°C) Ms (°C) 0.15 1.34 1.44 0.009 0.004 0.04 0.029 0.024 736 887 405 Experimental Results Microstructure.
Sample B exhibited a highest n-value of 0.23 and EL of 35.5%.
Sample A and B exhibit better mechanical properties since they show higher value of UTSEL products due to their higher EL.
This retained austenite do not transform to martensite even at high strains leading to the low EL and poor hydroformability.
However, sample C, with IBT holding time of 10min, shows a little lower UTS and EL.

El Hajam, H.
El Hajam, N.
El Hajam, M.
El Hajam, N.
El Hajam, H.

The binary Al–3.5P master alloy was supported by Shandong Al&Mg Melt Technology Co.
The structural properties of YP were first reported by Amrani and El Haj Hassan [23].
Al–3Si–6Y–2P Al–15Si–6Y–2P Al–40Si–6Y–2P Fig. 4 XRD patterns for the Al–Si–Y–P systems.
Liu, Refinement of hypereutectic Al–Si alloy by a new Al–Zr–P master alloy, J.
El Haj Hassan, Theoretical study of Ⅲ–V yttrium compounds, Comput.

Most of Ni-base superalloys with Al and Ti are strengthened by Ni3(Al,Ti) type γ' phase precipitation.
In addition of Nb to these Ni-base alloys, γ''-Ni3(Nb, Ti, Al) can form for achieving higher strengths, such as INCONEL 718 alloy containing with about 5%Nb, 1%Ti and 0.5%Al.
I�CO�EL 718 Type �i-Base Alloys Conventional 718 alloy (Ni-19Cr-18Fe-3Mo-5Nb-1Ti-0.5Al) characterizes with large portion of disc-like γ" and supplementary γ' precipitation.
I�CO�EL 740 and Its Modification INCONEL740 （ Ni-25Cr-20Co-0.5Mo-0.9Al-1.8Ti-2.0Nb ） is the boiler superheater and reheater tube material for USC power plant of European THERMEC AD700 Project with the steam parameters of 35MPa and 700 .
Dong, et.al: An Investigation of Structure Stability and Its Improvement on New Developed Ni-Cr-Co-Mo-Nb-Ti-Al Superalloy, Mater.

Effect of Texture and Microstructure on Ductility of a Mg-Al-Ca Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing V.N.
Texture and microstructure formation during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) of Mg-0.49%Al-0.47%Ca alloy were studied.
Material, Experimental Procedures and Calculations As-received Mg-0.49%Al-0.47% Ca alloy was in the form of a bar obtained by extrusion at 340ºC with the total diameter reduction of ~ 4.4.
Mechanical properties of the alloy before and after ECAP (YS = yield strength; UTS = ultimate tensile strength; EL = elongation to failure) N Process conditions Uniaxial tensile test temperature, ˚C YS, MPa UTS, MPa EL,% 20 190 245 8 1 Before ECAP 160 115 160 20 20 180 220 12 2 After ECAP 160 125 135 25 The improvement of tensile ductility of the investigated alloy by ECAP, especially of room temperature ductility, is the consequence of microstructure refinement and the change in the texture.
Volume fractions, Schmid factor values and CRSS for the slip systems calculated for the different texture components of the alloy before and after ECAP mij τiCRSS/τ1CRSS Test temperature 20˚C Test temperature 160˚C j Texture components fj i=1 i=2 i=3 i=4 i=1 i=2 i=3 i=4 i=1 i=2 i=3 i=4 1 <1010>// ED(X-axis) 0.67 0 0.29 0.25 0.22 1 ]1473)[1374( −− − 0.09 0.1 0.31 0.27 0.22 2 ]1242)[1465( −−− − 0.11 0.17 0.4 0.28 0.18 3 ]0615)[5398( − − 0.17 0 0.33 0.29 0.22 4 ]1440)[4374( − −− 0.15 0.13 0.27 0.24 0.2 5 ]1101)[5123( −−−− 0.11 0.43 0.15 0.14 0.2 1 5 5 6.5 1 2.5 2.5 3.5 Summary Processing of alloy Mg-0.49%Al-0.47%Ca by ECAP was shown to result in a significant enhancement of its tensile ductility both at room temperature and at an elevated temperature.

Al-Sabbagh., J.
El-Ghannam.
El-Ghannam.
El-Ghannam, A.
El-Ghannam.

The luminescent properties of Ce3+-activated SrGa2O4 and the complex Sr(Ga-Al)2O4 were studied.
Introduction Electroluminescent displays (EL) were one of emerging technologies in the field of flat panel display [1].
The typical phosphor materials used in EL displays were sulfide such as ZnS:Mn (orange), ZnS:Tb (green), SrS:Ce (blue) and CaGa2S4:Ce (blue).
Further, the compound of Sr(Ga-Al)2O4 were synthesized and the emission intensity was increased with small amount substituting of Al+3 for Ga +3 in the host.
Al belongs to same subgroup as Ga but it is much cheaper than the latter.