Search results

To date, however, very limited data are available for developing ultrafine-grained Mg alloy sheets; hence their microstructure under various working conditions and their superplastic properties are not well understood.
The total reduction was ∼70%.
Tensile data are summarized in Table 1.
Decreasing the rolling temperature to 275°C results in a reduction in superplastic properties.
The latter is probably the reason for grain growth and a significant reduction in elongation in the specimens rolled at 275°C.

Precursors of EP can be seen as early as the 1980s, with the evolution of Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems into Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and finally to E-Business [2].
These advantages include: cost reduction, lead time reduction, streamlined procurement processes by reduced procurement cycle time, real time information on procurement, better monitoring and control, automatic work flows, elimination of non-value adding steps, single stop shop, remote bidding, increased transparency etc.Although the implementation of EP initiatives is not all that new, there is current interest in understanding issues involved in its implementation, especially in a web-enabled environment [7].
It is clear from the data that the awareness among the trading partners, customers and competitors regarding the use of IT in procurement has increased and this will motivate the organizations to move further ahead for EP.
The various factors to access the impact of EP on performance measures as reported by the respondent organizations are as follows; reduction in purchasing cycle time, decrease in number of staff in purchasing department, reduction in invoice & inventory costs, reduction in overall search, communications, information processing, negotiation and monitoring costs, reduction in the number of suppliers, reduction in the purchase price of goods and services, reduction in errors and mismatches, reduction in administrative tasks, improvement in the quality of products/services, improvement in delivery reliability, improvement in information sharing with internal customers and suppliers, increase in flexibility to user/buyer's changing needs, increase in availability of public information on bids/offers.

Of huge importance is also the density of the material due to the reduction in fuel consumption and thereby the reduction of CO2 emissions [1, 2].
Reduction ratios of plastic deformation and intervals time between successive stages of plastic deformations were taking into account the applicable conditions of industrial hot rolling production.
Parameters of the hot rolling process were developed assuming that the size reduction rates is determined by the allowable pressure force range affecting on the roller.
Identification of phases was completed based on data available in the database of Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). 3.
Solution heat treatment after last deformation of the hot-rolling with reduction rate equal 4x0.23 causes dynamically recovery austenite grains containing annealing twins that are elongated in the rolling direction.

Based on all of this experimental data, the effects of the characteristics of the ion exchanged Y zeolites on the catalytic activities in the reduction of NOx have been studied.
The data of the specific surface area of the zeolitic catalysts measured by the BET method is shown in Table 1.
The analytical data of the Si/Al ratio shows a variation from 0.003 to 0.49 which is a little change in its value from its original value.
ICP-AES results of the NaY zeolites with different Si/Al ratios (mmol) Sample Na Si Al Si/Al NaY 100 15.4 4.2 5.4 0.78 NaY 712 1.80 0.06 18.5 0.003 NaY 720 1.60 0.17 0.35 0.49 NaY 760 2.10 0.09 0.39 0.23 NaY 780 2.00 0.21 0.77 0.27 The XRF data shows that the sodium ions are exchanged with the concentrations of 1.02~1.18 ppm which is a similar level to the data obtained by the ICP-AES.
(b) The XRF data showed that the sodium ions were exchanged to the catalysts with the concentrations of 1.02~1.18 ppm which is a similar level to the data obtained by the ICP-AES.

The resultant data showed that their flame retardancy and smoke suspension were increased by the double-diffusion treatment and the best for that by the treatment with Zn2+ solution.
The cone data reported in this work were the average of three replicated experiments.
The abrupt reduction of two chemicals at the first cycle of leaching means removal of unreacted chemicals.
On the other hand, during the leaching test, the weights of wood-lead metaborate (W-LMB) specimens decreased slightly at first and then remained almost unchanged, showing little or no mass reduction after leaching.
This increases the weight reduction initiation temperature of wood and cellulose [9].

The correspondence of the theoretical results to the data of experiment on phase states of mechanically activated oxide NdMnO3 is shown.
As a result forming of nano-size granules is accompanied by oxidation-reduction reactions as a rule.
Activation in the inevitable grinding and subsequent heat treatment processes of oxidation-reduction and decomposition of the solid solution phase, distinguished by the composition largely determines the structural and magnetic properties of the oxides.
The purpose of the present work is the construction of a theoretical model of microscopic description of the cooperative JT transition, investigation of the relation between the non-stoichiometry and the state of JT subsystem, the analysis of effects caused by mechanoactivation of oxide systems and comparison with the experimental data on phase states of mechanically activated system NdMnO3+d.
It can be seen that with the increase of nonstoichiometry or decrease of grain size essential reduction of all parameters under considerations takes place.

The most expensive method to actively raise the pH and concentration heavy metal reduction of this wastewater is the use of chemical additives.
Data Analysis To determine the ability of each parameter in each treatment that was tested by statistical analysis of variance test, Duncan's multiple range test and the effectiveness of the percentage of increasing of pH and reduction in Fe, Mn, and TSS concentrations by comparing the concentration day15th to day1st.
In all treatments of grass species did not show any significant reduction for TSS.
If compared day15th to day1st, only typha grass and vetiver grass show reduction efficiency is 20.3% and 20.2% respectively.
The highest efficiency reduction of Fe on day15th showed by batibati grass is 34.5% then typha grass is 31.6%, purun grass is 27.9% and vetiver grass is 17.4%.

The results indicated a significant reduction in material fluidity with increasing fiber content, which was mitigated by the addition of a lubricant additive, stearic acid.
To contribute to the reduction of the environmental impact generated using polymeric matrix materials, it is important to analyze the information about their duration, quality, development time, among others [3].
From the experimental data, the curves that describe the rheological behavior of the compound were obtained.
Tensile results were obtained using TRAPEZIUMX software (SHIMADZU, Tokyo, Japan) with a data recording rate of 5 kHz, a sampling rate of 300 kHz, and a single test mode.
From the curves that describe the rheological behavior of the PE Rec + CANE and PE Rec + PALM compounds, the rheological constants for the experimental data were determined.

For data fusion, usually adopt threshold comparison, advanced data shift average filter, eeruf methods [6], artificial potential field (APF) [8], fuzzy algorithm [9] and vector field histogram (VFH) [3].
Section 3 introduces data process and simulation.
Data Process and Simulations Next to overall scanning, the range information stored in memory, each 1.8° interval direction had two readings (except 0° and 180° data).
In the view of the disadvantages of sonar, especially frequent misreading, besides this, the amount of the acquired data is so huge that we need to do reduction and eliminate false readings to improve data accuracy.
(2) Fig. 3 Rotation Scanning Illustration Fig. 4 Data Group Process After data reduction, the subsequent work is to build a concise and explicit world model.

Secondly, the bending strength of the panel structures was compared with the plain sheet steels to estimate the possibilities for weight reduction.
For example, in transportation business, the weight-reduction is directly utilized as increased payload or reduced operating costs.
The experimentally measured force versus displacement during three-point bending was recorded and compared with the simulation data.
(a) bending moment - displacement curves and (b) weight reduction estimation.
Results were compared against a conventional steel sheet, and approximations of weight reductions were made.