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As can be seen from Fig.4, the final contact angles are lower than 90° for both Al-8wt% Mg and Al-12wt% Mg alloys at the temperature of 1073K, such result was not observed in the Al/SiC or Al-4 wt% Mg/SiC system.
El-Kady, A.
Jiang, Wetting of polycrystalline SiC by molten Al and Al−Si alloys, Appl.
Eustathopoulos, Wetting kinetics and bonding of Al and Al alloys on α-SiC, Mater.
Sato, Measurement of wetting of graphite by Al and Al–Si alloys using meniscography, Mater.

Optimal Reinsurance through Minimizing New Risk Measures under Technical Benefit Constraints EL ATTAR Abderrahim1,a*, EL HACHLOUFI Mostafa2,b and GUENNOUN Zine El Abidine3,c 1,3Department of Mathematics, Mohamed V University, Faculty of Sciences-Rabat, Morocco. 2Department of Statistics and Mathematics Applied to Economics and Management, Faculty of Juridical Sciences, Economic and Social-Ain Sebaa, Morocco.
That is to say, it satisfies the coherence properties of Artzner & al [5].
[2] Acerbi & al (2002), On the Coherence of Expected Shortfall, Journal of Banking and Finance Vol 26, Iss 7
[6] Balbas & al (2009), Optimal reinsurance with general risk measures, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 44
[31] Kaas & al (2001), Modern Actuarial Risk Theory, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Kluwer Academic Publishers 28

Therefore, the accumulation of energy in Al powder suspensions is severe (Fig.5).
El.
El.
El.
El.

El-Raghy: Met.
El-Raghy: Scri.
El-Raghy: J.
Fei, et al.: J.
El-Raghy: J.

SIMS (continuous line) and ECV (dotted line) profile from an Al-implanted 6H-SiC sample.
All spectra exhibit an edge luminescence (EL) peak at 391nm and a green-yellow (GYL) band around 570 nm, which according to the bibliography is related to residual doping and particularly to boron.
Note that the intensity ratio between the EL and the GYL peaks is higher for the as-post-implantation-annealed sample in comparison to the as-grown one.
The as-implanted sample AGP4A presents an “attenuated” spectrum (Fig. 5 middle) in comparison to the as-grown one with a higher attenuation for the EL peak.
This is observed for all as-implanted samples whatever the implanted species (Al, N) and/or the polytype (4H-, 6H-).

However information concerning effect of Ti and Al addition needs to be more detailed.
Before the weld operation, the surface sheet cleaned by acetone, the elements metal powders (aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti) or (AL+Ti) mixture) must be well glued across the width of seal by using polyvinyl alcohol.
While the addition of mixture (Al+Ti) lead to equiaxed fine grains microstructure.
Fig.6 SEM microstructure of the fusion zone: (a) Al addition, (b) Ti addition, (c) Al+Ti addition Fig.7 SEM micrograph of precipitations: (a) Al addition, (b) Ti addition, (c) Al+Ti addition Fig.8 EDX analysis of precipitates: (a) Al addition, (b) Ti addition, (c) Al+Ti addition The mechanical properties of welds joints include the microhardness at weld center (HV0.5), the ultimate tensile strength UTS (MP), yield strength (YS) and Elongation El (%) are measured.
Table 3 Mechanicals properties of welds joints Condition Grain size (µm) Microhardness at weld center (HV0.5) UTS (MP) YS (MP) El (%) Base metal 8 177 428 322 13,2 Conventional Weld 322 207 364 271 3,6 Al addition 148 228 403 293 8,2 Ti addition 73 342 394 288 4.3 Ti + Al addition 46 291 486 391 13,7 The tensile fracture surfaces of weldments produced by powders addition and without addition (conventional welding) were analyzed using Scanning electron microscope SEM.

Studies[5,6] improved that addition of Al to the raw materials might enhance the purity of the Ti3SiC2 through forming solid solutions.
Zhu[5] and Zhou[6] reported that 10at% Al could substitute Si to form Ti3Si0.9Al0.1C2 solid solution with improved oxidation resistance.
The purpose of this paper is to report on the processing parameters for synthesizing predominantly single phase Ti3Si0.4Al0.8C1.8 solid solution from Ti-Si-Al-C powder mixture.
El-Raghy: Met.
El-Raghy: Met.

[8]Sharif, A., Al-Sulimani, G.
J Compos Construct; 8 (3):203–10, (2004) [15] El-Hacha R. and Rizkalla S.H.
El-Refaie, S.W.
In Infrastruct., University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., 603-617, (1998) [27] El-Mihilmy, M.
H., and Al-Sallom Y.

However, the EL increases firstly, andthen a decrease, but the change range of both process are small, stay above 16%.
References [1] P.C.M.Rodrigues, E.V.Pereloma, and et al.
Chen, K.L Wang, et al.
Li, et al.
Wang, et al.

This redshift is in agreement with results of Cao et al. [14].
El-Sayed and M.A.
El-Sayed: Nano Today Vol. 2 (2007), p. 18
El-Khalafawy, H.
El Sayed-Ali: J.