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Additionally, etching submicron features in insulating material such as SiO2 or materials masked with insulators, e.g., photoresistmasked polysilicon, are accompanied by feature charging effects caused by differences in electron and ion angular distributions.
Sethian: Level Set Methods and Fast arching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision and Materials Sciences (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 1998)
Giapis: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology Vol.
Sawin: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology Vol.
Lichtenberg: Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1994)

The inert CO2 acts like a liquid by diffusing through the solids and dissolve the materials.
It is parallel with the results reported by [24] using the same materials and methods.
The effectiveness of SFE also has been investigated for the other type of materials such as sediment [19] and seaweeds sample [27].
K.: International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.1 No.5, 201-207. (2011) [5] Ahmad A., Abbas F.M.A, Sufia H., Lim H.
,Owusu.J., Adomako C.& Teye E.: Global Journal of Bio-science & Biotechnology Vol. 1(2), 132-140. (2012) [29] Al-Marzouqi A.

Retrofit Materials The retrofit materials that were used in this study were an attaching retrofit material (B2),which consisted of a trapezoidal aluminum hollow section and glass fiber composite, and a wrapping retrofit material (CB), which consisted of glass fiber composite with a “ㄷ” shape.
Figure 1 shows the shapes of the retrofit materials.
The above retrofit materials were manufactured using UD glass prepreg.
For the B2-1 and B2-2 specimens, the sides of the specimens were retrofitted with 1EA and 2EA B2 retrofit materials, respectively.
A., "What Do We Know about Confinement in Reinforced Concrete Columns", ACI Structural Journal,V.86,No.2, March-April,1989, pp.192-207

Bleys, “Investigation of material removal mechanisms in EDM of composite ceramic materials”, Journal of Material Processing Technology, 149, 347-352 (2004) [3] K.
Liu, “Microstructure and tool electrode erosion in EDMed of TiN/Si3N4 composites”, Materials Science and Engineering, A363, 221-227, (2003) [8] F.F.
Lange, “Transformation toughening – Part 4 Fabrication, fracture toughness and strength of Al2O3-ZrO2 composites”, Journal of Materials Science, 17,247-254, (1982) [9] W.
Van der Biest, “Toughness tailoring of yttria-doped zirconia ceramics”, Materials Science and Endineering, A380, 215-221, (2004) [11] K.
Niihara, “A fracture mechanics analysis of indentation-induced Palmqvist crack in ceramics”, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 2, 221-223, (1983) [12] G.R.

It is more severe if the bending is of small bending radii, thin wall thickness or lower ductility materials.
This makes laser bending is mostly suitable to thin wall or low ductility materials tube.
Yao: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 123 (2001), p. 674 [2] N.
Safdar et al.: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 129 (2007), p. 592 [6] H.
Yao: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 128 (2006), p. 20 [9] X.

For 20 chrome molybdenum steel forged materials, E is elasticity modulus and E=206GPa. μ is Poisson's ratio and μ=0.30.
For powder hot forging materials: E is elasticity modulus and E=200GPa. μ is Poisson's ratio and μ=0.40. σb is tensile strength and σb=966MPa.
4.18 4.58 8 rounded transition of groove in big end hole 1.78 1.93 near rod body Conclusions (1) Both materials are safe according to the calculation of FEM.
The results show that rod made of powder forging materials is better than rod made of steel forging materials.
[3] Zude Li, Songlin Li, Moyue Zhao Mishing, in: submitted to Journal of Powder Metallurgy Materials Science and Engineering (No.10 of 2006), p.253-261 In Chinese [4] Xianyu Liu, in: submitted to Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment (No.3 of 2005) , p.9-11 In Chinese

The fatigue resistance of HSS is a major concern since it is well known that the fatigue resistance does not increase proportionally to the static strength of such materials [2].
This means relatively limited data for the safe design and partially deficient understanding of the fatigue behaviour of these materials.
Acknowledgment The Czech Science Foundation under the contract No. 17-01589S supported this research.
Xu, Microstructural and mechanical performance of underwater wet welded S355 steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 238, (2016), 330–340
[10] American Society for Testing Materials.

Ni: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 321(2009), p. 1867
Shen: International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 40(2002), p. 1069
Ding: International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 42(2004), p. 1361
Zheng: Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, Vol. 6A(2005), p. 922
Shen: International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 41(2003), p. 85

Experimental Procedure Materials.
Cheng: Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials Vol. 393 (2015), p. 293 [4] H.P.
Xu: Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol. 3 (2015), p. 12550 [13] J.
Wang: Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics Vol. 27 (2016), p. 1304 [17] R.M.
Dishovsky: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 91 (2004), p. 2756

Acknowledgements This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51008085) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2012M511810).
[4] Uy B: Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 57 (2001), p. 114-134
[5] Han L-H:Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 58 (2002), p. 353-372
[20] Long Y-L and Cai J: Advanced Material Research, Vol. 446-449 (2012), p. 78-81
[22] Han L.H: Concrete-filled steel tubular structures: Theory and practice (China Science Press, Beijing 2007), in Chinese.