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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Saad Nor Hayati, Nik Nur Afiqah Nik Azlan, Farrahshaida Mohd Salleh, Amirul Abdul Rashid
Feasibility of the concluded research data will become a pathway for more comprehensive and in depth study on Hydro-petrol engine to prove its capability to reduce dependencies on fossil fuel and provide alternatives for a more environmental friendly energy approach.
The reduction in fuel consumption is due to a better combustion system; the uniform mixture of air especially the oxygen of the original ratio and HHO gas (high diffusivity of HHO) which assists gasoline during combustion process.
It is obvious that this reduction of carbon dioxide is due to the absence of carbon atom in oxyhydrogen (HHO).
As far as HC gas emmission is a concern, the data from Figure 5 shows that the hydro-fuel engine produced about 20% HC gas lesser than the normal engine.
The data shows that the alternative method is able to reduce up to 18% fuel consumption compared to the normal engine.
The reduction in fuel consumption is due to a better combustion system; the uniform mixture of air especially the oxygen of the original ratio and HHO gas (high diffusivity of HHO) which assists gasoline during combustion process.
It is obvious that this reduction of carbon dioxide is due to the absence of carbon atom in oxyhydrogen (HHO).
As far as HC gas emmission is a concern, the data from Figure 5 shows that the hydro-fuel engine produced about 20% HC gas lesser than the normal engine.
The data shows that the alternative method is able to reduce up to 18% fuel consumption compared to the normal engine.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Dong Su Zhang, Jing Xi Li, Meng Meng Niu, Hao Yang
Sensor input line ; 27 signal acquisition device ; 28.data transmission line signal processing means; 29.Signal processing means
The high-pressure water generating device is a host of high - pressure water jet , for the target object detection of high-pressure water jet to provide a reliable , stable and water beam .
Water nozzle beam strikes the surface of the target material , to generate sound reflection signal is amplified by the sound sensor is conveyed to the signal acquisition means , and the last input signal processing means via a data transmission line .The test system works when the photo is as follows .
Nozzle 65mm / s speed from about 100mm at the impact of topsoil from the target material . 3)signal processing can be carried out simultaneously , using wavelet noise reduction , then MATLAB software for signal processing .
This article only gives the wavelet noise reduction (pretreatment), modulus maximum algorithm the experimental results.
Experimental results Using the experimental system ,making mines buried in the ground model , stones , bricks experiments , the results obtained are as follows: modulus maxima algorithm using wavelet noise reduction then determine results .
Water nozzle beam strikes the surface of the target material , to generate sound reflection signal is amplified by the sound sensor is conveyed to the signal acquisition means , and the last input signal processing means via a data transmission line .The test system works when the photo is as follows .
Nozzle 65mm / s speed from about 100mm at the impact of topsoil from the target material . 3)signal processing can be carried out simultaneously , using wavelet noise reduction , then MATLAB software for signal processing .
This article only gives the wavelet noise reduction (pretreatment), modulus maximum algorithm the experimental results.
Experimental results Using the experimental system ,making mines buried in the ground model , stones , bricks experiments , the results obtained are as follows: modulus maxima algorithm using wavelet noise reduction then determine results .
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yan Ling Guo, Yu Dong Bao
Blomidon trees are proposed as object of study, of which measurement data is obtained, referring to the data measured by the research group.
Belt driving 3.Clutch 4.Reduction gears 5.Guard board 6.Picking head 7.Device of collection boards 8.Collection groove Body of the picking machine is designed into the shape of door, which "ride" fruit trees and of which wheels in the ditches on both sides when it is walking vertically.
As the gasoline engine is started, the clutch is closed and at the same time the reduction gears are driven through belt driving.
Piching head is driven by the reduction gears through belt driving.
As the research of blueberry picking machine is limited, there is a lot of research work, such as the experiment of different varieties, the experiment in different gardens, the improvement of structure, time of field trials and the effects of the test environment and mechanical flexibility and operation technology on experiment data. 1 Foundation Project: supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2572014AB04) and Project 948 of State Forestry Bureau (2011-4-21) Author: Bao Yudong (1986-), male, Fushun, Liaoning Province, PhD graduate, majoring in research of picking machine and robot of agriculture and forestry, and mechatronics technology.
Belt driving 3.Clutch 4.Reduction gears 5.Guard board 6.Picking head 7.Device of collection boards 8.Collection groove Body of the picking machine is designed into the shape of door, which "ride" fruit trees and of which wheels in the ditches on both sides when it is walking vertically.
As the gasoline engine is started, the clutch is closed and at the same time the reduction gears are driven through belt driving.
Piching head is driven by the reduction gears through belt driving.
As the research of blueberry picking machine is limited, there is a lot of research work, such as the experiment of different varieties, the experiment in different gardens, the improvement of structure, time of field trials and the effects of the test environment and mechanical flexibility and operation technology on experiment data. 1 Foundation Project: supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2572014AB04) and Project 948 of State Forestry Bureau (2011-4-21) Author: Bao Yudong (1986-), male, Fushun, Liaoning Province, PhD graduate, majoring in research of picking machine and robot of agriculture and forestry, and mechatronics technology.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: M. Bobby Kannan, V.S. Raja
The data from this work are presented in Table 1.
In air, the peak aged alloy exhibited 10 % elongation (E) and reduction in area (RA) and 561 MPa ultimate tensile strength (UTS).
SSRT data of 7010 Al-alloys in peak aged and over aged conditions tested in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution at 10 -6/s strain rate [4].
Due to a sharp reduction in recrystallization, the fracture surface of Sc containing alloy revealed predominant ductile features (Fig. 5b).
(a) (b) Table 3 SSRT data of base 7010 Al-alloy and 0.25 wt.% Sc containing alloy in peak aged conditions tested in air and 3.5% NaCl solution at 10 -6/s strain rate [4].
In air, the peak aged alloy exhibited 10 % elongation (E) and reduction in area (RA) and 561 MPa ultimate tensile strength (UTS).
SSRT data of 7010 Al-alloys in peak aged and over aged conditions tested in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution at 10 -6/s strain rate [4].
Due to a sharp reduction in recrystallization, the fracture surface of Sc containing alloy revealed predominant ductile features (Fig. 5b).
(a) (b) Table 3 SSRT data of base 7010 Al-alloy and 0.25 wt.% Sc containing alloy in peak aged conditions tested in air and 3.5% NaCl solution at 10 -6/s strain rate [4].
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Lin Lin Sun, Jian Xin Liu, Ling Zhi Sun, Chun An You
(2)
Project example of energy-saving residential quarter
Initial data of energy-saving residential quarter.
According to specific measuring and analyzing of the owner in energy saving 65% project .we get its use cost data as follows.
Still selects A-8 in the residential quarter as the research object, we suppose it is designed and constructed with no energy saving measure, preparation cost and construction cost is 2320 yuan/m2,heating cost is 3.3 yuan/m2,other data are the same, then the life cycle cost analysis of no energy saving project is shown as follows[5]: construction cost :12056×2320=27970000yuan special maintenance cost: 12056×60 =720000yuan annual property management fee: 12056×1.2×12=170000yuan annual use cost:12056×3.3×5+(880+200+600) ×82+12056×1=35330000yuan disposal expenses: 12056×20 =240000yuan salvage value: 2797×3%=840000yuan Assumptions for 6% discount rate, life period for 30 years, the calculation process of dynamic life cycle cost is:
Table 2 Analysis result of dynamic life cycle cost discount rate i=6% i=10% life duration 30 40 50 30 40 50 energy saving LCCPV 3515 3612 3644 3254 3270 3278 no energy saving LCCPV 3533 3642 3682 3348 3368 3377 reduction 0.5% 0.8% 1% 2.8% 2.9% 3% energy saving LCCAV 255 240 231 345 334 331 no energy saving LCCAV 256 242 234 355 344 341 reduction 0.4% 0.8% 1.3% 2.8% 2.9% 3% Table 3 Analysis result of static life cycle cost life duration 30 40 50 energy saving LCCPV 4186 4606 5026 no energy saving LCCPV 4369 4889 5409 reduction 4.2% 5.8% 7.1% We can know that from table 2 and table 3, although the initial investment of energy saving building increases, the whole life cycle cost is obviously lower than general building.
Summary Energy conservation and emitting reduction is one of the most important jobs of construction industry at present.
According to specific measuring and analyzing of the owner in energy saving 65% project .we get its use cost data as follows.
Still selects A-8 in the residential quarter as the research object, we suppose it is designed and constructed with no energy saving measure, preparation cost and construction cost is 2320 yuan/m2,heating cost is 3.3 yuan/m2,other data are the same, then the life cycle cost analysis of no energy saving project is shown as follows[5]: construction cost :12056×2320=27970000yuan special maintenance cost: 12056×60 =720000yuan annual property management fee: 12056×1.2×12=170000yuan annual use cost:12056×3.3×5+(880+200+600) ×82+12056×1=35330000yuan disposal expenses: 12056×20 =240000yuan salvage value: 2797×3%=840000yuan Assumptions for 6% discount rate, life period for 30 years, the calculation process of dynamic life cycle cost is:
Table 2 Analysis result of dynamic life cycle cost discount rate i=6% i=10% life duration 30 40 50 30 40 50 energy saving LCCPV 3515 3612 3644 3254 3270 3278 no energy saving LCCPV 3533 3642 3682 3348 3368 3377 reduction 0.5% 0.8% 1% 2.8% 2.9% 3% energy saving LCCAV 255 240 231 345 334 331 no energy saving LCCAV 256 242 234 355 344 341 reduction 0.4% 0.8% 1.3% 2.8% 2.9% 3% Table 3 Analysis result of static life cycle cost life duration 30 40 50 energy saving LCCPV 4186 4606 5026 no energy saving LCCPV 4369 4889 5409 reduction 4.2% 5.8% 7.1% We can know that from table 2 and table 3, although the initial investment of energy saving building increases, the whole life cycle cost is obviously lower than general building.
Summary Energy conservation and emitting reduction is one of the most important jobs of construction industry at present.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Mashitah Mohd Yusoff, Kwok Feng Chong, Gomaa A. M. Ali, Salah A. Makhlouf, Osama A. Fouad
The optical band gaps have been calculated from UV–Vis absorption data.
Further information about the chemical structure was obtained from FTIR data presented in Fig. 2(a).
Oxidation and reduction peaks were observed and ascribed to oxidation and reduction of cobalt (II, III) species.
The data shows an almost neglected iR drop.
El–Sayed, Cobalt/silica nanocomposite via thermal calcination–reduction of gel precursors, Mater.
Further information about the chemical structure was obtained from FTIR data presented in Fig. 2(a).
Oxidation and reduction peaks were observed and ascribed to oxidation and reduction of cobalt (II, III) species.
The data shows an almost neglected iR drop.
El–Sayed, Cobalt/silica nanocomposite via thermal calcination–reduction of gel precursors, Mater.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Chun Bo Wang, Peng Yu
Figure 3 describes the key data flow of communication system.
Fig. 3 Data flow of the system System Reliability.
Repeat the above operation to the completion of an 8-bit byte, and then continue the next data until the end of all the data.
CRC data register at this time is that a CRC code we want.
(a) Receive and resolve the data.
Fig. 3 Data flow of the system System Reliability.
Repeat the above operation to the completion of an 8-bit byte, and then continue the next data until the end of all the data.
CRC data register at this time is that a CRC code we want.
(a) Receive and resolve the data.
Online since: July 2024
Authors: Mikko Hietala, Markku Keskitalo, Antti Järvenpää, Timo Rautio, Matias Jaskari
However, as illustrated in figure 1c, the grain size on the object's surface undergoes a significant reduction owing to the impact of SSP.
Consequently, this reduction results in heightened strength and hardness specifically on the surface of the component.
The data suggests that SSP has increased the surface hardness by an impressive 64%.
However, while enhancing strength characteristics, there was a reduction in elongation.
The following conclusions can be drawn: · The SSP treatment led to a substantial reduction in grain size, particularly on the surface of the WAAM carbon steel
Consequently, this reduction results in heightened strength and hardness specifically on the surface of the component.
The data suggests that SSP has increased the surface hardness by an impressive 64%.
However, while enhancing strength characteristics, there was a reduction in elongation.
The following conclusions can be drawn: · The SSP treatment led to a substantial reduction in grain size, particularly on the surface of the WAAM carbon steel
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Bao Ku Qi, Huan Wang, Ke Bo Li
DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis),with the mathematical programming and statistical data, proves the relative efficiency of DMUs (Decision-Making Unit) and evaluates the result [5].After confirming DMUs, input variables and the output variables, using VRS model of DEA to calculate safety input efficiency (TE) and technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE).
Selection of Variable and Sources of data Several factors that are affect safety investment efficiency of construction enterprise.
In addition, the enterprise economic loss of safety accident reduction rate for per 100 million Yuan output (REAEL) Y1, enterprise total assets return rate (ETARR) Y2 as output variable.
Fig.1 Framework and methods for efficiency calculation and correlation analysis of construction enterprise According to the variables settings and annual report of a domestic construction enterprise, safety investment data of this enterprise of 2011 was collected, select 18 subordinate regional companies of this enterprise as DMUS.
Data Envelopment Analysis[M],Beijing, Economic Science Press,2004
Selection of Variable and Sources of data Several factors that are affect safety investment efficiency of construction enterprise.
In addition, the enterprise economic loss of safety accident reduction rate for per 100 million Yuan output (REAEL) Y1, enterprise total assets return rate (ETARR) Y2 as output variable.
Fig.1 Framework and methods for efficiency calculation and correlation analysis of construction enterprise According to the variables settings and annual report of a domestic construction enterprise, safety investment data of this enterprise of 2011 was collected, select 18 subordinate regional companies of this enterprise as DMUS.
Data Envelopment Analysis[M],Beijing, Economic Science Press,2004
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Jun Qi Wang, Chih Hsiung Shen, Shu Jung Chen
The offset reduction with CDS technique
enhances the sensitivity of winner-take-all (WTA) circuit and shows a sharp selectivity which makes
it possible to pick up only one winner pixel from each thermal object.
In particular, detection of important features reduces a large amount of image data and hence facilitates higher level processing tasks carried out on a host computer.
Architecture of Thermopile Array with WTA The offset reduction of our proposed design is based on an addition of CDS circuit which improves the comparison capability of WTA circuit and resolve more little temperature difference.
One is the previous research work without CDS noted as APS+WTA and the other is offset reduction with CDS noted as APS+CDS +WTA.
In particular, detection of important features reduces a large amount of image data and hence facilitates higher level processing tasks carried out on a host computer.
Architecture of Thermopile Array with WTA The offset reduction of our proposed design is based on an addition of CDS circuit which improves the comparison capability of WTA circuit and resolve more little temperature difference.
One is the previous research work without CDS noted as APS+WTA and the other is offset reduction with CDS noted as APS+CDS +WTA.