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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Li Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Yuan Yuan Zhang, Yan Miao Ma
The paper provides a scientific reference for the further study on vibration and noise reduction in food refrigeration compressors.
Given the above situation, a comparative analysis of the vibration characteristics based on the harmonic response analysis theory was carried out in this paper, which provides a scientific reference for the further study on vibration and noise reduction in food refrigeration unit.
The collection of the compressor’s key points is established, and the concerned output data, including the field variables (cloud) and the historical variables (curve), are set in the Sinusoidal vibration analysis step.
Data Analysis Acceleration curve analysis of each measured point under the sinusoidal excitation.The acceleration spectrums of each measured point in the X, Y and Z direction under the sinusoidal excitation are shown in Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5.
Given the above situation, a comparative analysis of the vibration characteristics based on the harmonic response analysis theory was carried out in this paper, which provides a scientific reference for the further study on vibration and noise reduction in food refrigeration unit.
The collection of the compressor’s key points is established, and the concerned output data, including the field variables (cloud) and the historical variables (curve), are set in the Sinusoidal vibration analysis step.
Data Analysis Acceleration curve analysis of each measured point under the sinusoidal excitation.The acceleration spectrums of each measured point in the X, Y and Z direction under the sinusoidal excitation are shown in Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Koichiro Fukuda, K. Fukushima, T. Iwata
The space group change from P63 to its subgroup P21
eliminates the triad axis of the former phase, which involves a reduction in the symmetry of the
trigonally distorted rings.
Methodology Crystal-structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data.
The crystal-structure solution of hexagonal SrAl2O4 from the profile intensity data at 1073K was preceded by the determinations of unit-cell parameters as well as possible space groups [7].
Thus, the distortion involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings.
Crystal data of selected alkali earth aluminates Chemical composition Space group a /nm b /nm c /nm β / ° V / nm3 Z Dx/M·gm-3 Temp.
Methodology Crystal-structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data.
The crystal-structure solution of hexagonal SrAl2O4 from the profile intensity data at 1073K was preceded by the determinations of unit-cell parameters as well as possible space groups [7].
Thus, the distortion involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings.
Crystal data of selected alkali earth aluminates Chemical composition Space group a /nm b /nm c /nm β / ° V / nm3 Z Dx/M·gm-3 Temp.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Kyoung Woo Kim, Jun Oh Yeon, Hye Kyung Shin, A Yeong Jeong
Introduction
Resilient materials used in floor systems play an important role in the reduction of floor impact sound.
By gauging the variables dynamic stiffness and floor impact sound reduction performance changes were also examined.
Through the study results, we aimed to provide basic data for the development of resilient materials, and determine the factors that influenced impact sound insulation performance.
Data for floor impact sound was compiled using a bang machine and measured with a 1/1 octave.
Sohn, Correlation between dynamic stiffness of resilient materials and heavyweight impact sound reduction level, Build.
By gauging the variables dynamic stiffness and floor impact sound reduction performance changes were also examined.
Through the study results, we aimed to provide basic data for the development of resilient materials, and determine the factors that influenced impact sound insulation performance.
Data for floor impact sound was compiled using a bang machine and measured with a 1/1 octave.
Sohn, Correlation between dynamic stiffness of resilient materials and heavyweight impact sound reduction level, Build.
Online since: August 2004
Authors: Bag Soon Chung, Myung-Ki Kim, Hae Cheol Oh, Mi Ro Seo, Chi Yong Park, Sung Yul Hong
A Structural
Reliability and Risk Assessment (SRRA) software code developed by WOG using input data based
upon the assessed information to quantify the probability of throughwall leak and probability of
break in the line. 937 segments that have consequences are evaluated for failure potential.
The panel reviews all risk informed selection results by utilizing their expertise (including knowledge if prior inspection results, industry data and available stress and fracture mechanics results) and probabilistic safety assessment insights to develop the final categories of high and low safety significant items to be included for inservice inspection.
Reduction in number of Inspection.
On the class 1 piping, 64 NDE inspections will be required resulting in a reduction of approximately 74% from the current requirement of 250 NDE examinations.
Additional 142 NDE examinations of Class 2 piping will be required resulting in a reduction of approximately 76% from the current 592 NDE examinations.
The panel reviews all risk informed selection results by utilizing their expertise (including knowledge if prior inspection results, industry data and available stress and fracture mechanics results) and probabilistic safety assessment insights to develop the final categories of high and low safety significant items to be included for inservice inspection.
Reduction in number of Inspection.
On the class 1 piping, 64 NDE inspections will be required resulting in a reduction of approximately 74% from the current requirement of 250 NDE examinations.
Additional 142 NDE examinations of Class 2 piping will be required resulting in a reduction of approximately 76% from the current 592 NDE examinations.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: K. Pazhanivel, N. Ramadoss, K. Poyyathappan, P. Anandan, G.B. Bhaskar
Marginal reduction in bending property has been observed with increase in cycles of impact load.
Flexural strength sUF = (3 Pmax L) /( 2 bh2) (1) Flexural modulus EF = (m L3 ) / (4 bh3) (2) Where, Pmax – maximum load at failure in Newton L - distance between centers of support in metre b - width of the specimen in metre h - thickness of the specimen in metre m - initial slope of the load–deflection curve Data on flexural strength has been acquired for specimen subjected to different cycles of impact loading and the same has been plotted as a graph.
Similar to that of flexural strength, it is seen that up to 2500 cycles, there is a progressive reduction in flexural modulus beyond which it is fairly raises with a mild tip up to 3500 cycles.
Data on flexural strength and flexural modulus have been acquired for different conditions for the sample of GFRP bidirectional laminate and the same are presented in Figs. 4 and 5.
Marginal reduction in bending properties has been observed with increase in cycles of impact load.
Flexural strength sUF = (3 Pmax L) /( 2 bh2) (1) Flexural modulus EF = (m L3 ) / (4 bh3) (2) Where, Pmax – maximum load at failure in Newton L - distance between centers of support in metre b - width of the specimen in metre h - thickness of the specimen in metre m - initial slope of the load–deflection curve Data on flexural strength has been acquired for specimen subjected to different cycles of impact loading and the same has been plotted as a graph.
Similar to that of flexural strength, it is seen that up to 2500 cycles, there is a progressive reduction in flexural modulus beyond which it is fairly raises with a mild tip up to 3500 cycles.
Data on flexural strength and flexural modulus have been acquired for different conditions for the sample of GFRP bidirectional laminate and the same are presented in Figs. 4 and 5.
Marginal reduction in bending properties has been observed with increase in cycles of impact load.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Dan Dan Hu, Qing Ji Gao, Wei Hao, Meng Li
SLAM algorithm fused with various onboard sensor data is used to provide relative position, velocity and altitude of the vehicle[5].
Strategy of entering window based on rough set Attribute Reduction Rules.
Reduction Attribute Values.
Rough set theory[10] of knowledge reduction method is introduced to extract minimum rule set.
Table.2 Results of measurement Variable Result Ix(10-5 kg*m2) 2385.98 Iy(10-5 kg*m2) 2383.66 Iz(10-5 kg*m2) 4695.92 kt(10-7 N/rpm2) 1.3493 kd(10-9 N/rpm2) 1.1779 Table.3 The values of PID parameters parameters of PID kp ki kd pitch 85.0 0.02 1880.0 roll 85.0 0.02 1850.0 yaw 160.0 0.00 1532.0 altitude 3000.0 0.00 55000.0 During the flight test, the real-time data of four channels was recorded as shown in Fig.4 to demonstrate the control effect.
Strategy of entering window based on rough set Attribute Reduction Rules.
Reduction Attribute Values.
Rough set theory[10] of knowledge reduction method is introduced to extract minimum rule set.
Table.2 Results of measurement Variable Result Ix(10-5 kg*m2) 2385.98 Iy(10-5 kg*m2) 2383.66 Iz(10-5 kg*m2) 4695.92 kt(10-7 N/rpm2) 1.3493 kd(10-9 N/rpm2) 1.1779 Table.3 The values of PID parameters parameters of PID kp ki kd pitch 85.0 0.02 1880.0 roll 85.0 0.02 1850.0 yaw 160.0 0.00 1532.0 altitude 3000.0 0.00 55000.0 During the flight test, the real-time data of four channels was recorded as shown in Fig.4 to demonstrate the control effect.
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Abdulwahab Giwa, John Olusoji Owolabi, Abdulkabir Olawale Gidado
This analysis is normally carried out using real-time data [5].
Table 2: Well data PVT DATA GOR (scf/stb) 312 Oil Gravity (API) 20.16 Gas Gravity (sp gravity) 0.6 water salinity (sp gravity) 1.00965 Down hole Data Measured depth (feet) Tubing Id (inches) Casing Id (inches) Xmas Tree 0 Tubing 9317 2.992 Casing 9330 6.366 IPR Data Reservoir Pressure (psig) 3577.42 Reservoir Temperature (deg F) 160 Water Cut (%) 0 Total GOR (scf/stb) 312 P.I (stb/day/psi) 3.2 Top node pressure (psig) 600 Also, equipment data were used in describing the flow in the tubing to deal with the production phase.
Figure 5: System summary 2.2.1 PVT modelling With the necessary system summary information inputted, the next thing considered was the PVT data set for the black oil model and then the test data by which the PVT test data were matched with the best fit correlation for the black oil.
Figure 11 shows the test data used for this purpose.
This allowed checking the consistency of VLP and IPR and whether there was any need to adjust in order to match the measured data, depending on the percentage difference in calculated liquid rate and bottom hole pressure with the measured data.
Table 2: Well data PVT DATA GOR (scf/stb) 312 Oil Gravity (API) 20.16 Gas Gravity (sp gravity) 0.6 water salinity (sp gravity) 1.00965 Down hole Data Measured depth (feet) Tubing Id (inches) Casing Id (inches) Xmas Tree 0 Tubing 9317 2.992 Casing 9330 6.366 IPR Data Reservoir Pressure (psig) 3577.42 Reservoir Temperature (deg F) 160 Water Cut (%) 0 Total GOR (scf/stb) 312 P.I (stb/day/psi) 3.2 Top node pressure (psig) 600 Also, equipment data were used in describing the flow in the tubing to deal with the production phase.
Figure 5: System summary 2.2.1 PVT modelling With the necessary system summary information inputted, the next thing considered was the PVT data set for the black oil model and then the test data by which the PVT test data were matched with the best fit correlation for the black oil.
Figure 11 shows the test data used for this purpose.
This allowed checking the consistency of VLP and IPR and whether there was any need to adjust in order to match the measured data, depending on the percentage difference in calculated liquid rate and bottom hole pressure with the measured data.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Jing Li Liu, Lian Yu Wei, Guo Qiang Zhang
Combined with the construction process quality control and inspection and acceptance criteria, this paper provides data for reference and theoretical basis for application of cold recycled technology of foamed asphalt to pavement project.
Mix design of foamed asphalt in cold recycling technology The two parameters of asphalt foaming effect evaluation are expansion and half-reduction period.
The longer the half-reduction period, the more difficult foam asphalt to cut, it can mix with aggregate for a longer period of time and improve the quality of the bubble mixture.
However, there is no clear standard for foaming evaluation, whether to take the high expansion rate or a longer half-reduction period, as both cannot compare with appropriate condition.
The expansion rate is usually greater than 10-fold, while a half reduction period not less than 8s is a generally acceptable foaming effect.
Mix design of foamed asphalt in cold recycling technology The two parameters of asphalt foaming effect evaluation are expansion and half-reduction period.
The longer the half-reduction period, the more difficult foam asphalt to cut, it can mix with aggregate for a longer period of time and improve the quality of the bubble mixture.
However, there is no clear standard for foaming evaluation, whether to take the high expansion rate or a longer half-reduction period, as both cannot compare with appropriate condition.
The expansion rate is usually greater than 10-fold, while a half reduction period not less than 8s is a generally acceptable foaming effect.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: N.S. Abed Negmatova, S.S. Negmatov, G. Gulyamov, J.N. Negmatov
The most effective reduction in the coefficient of friction with the CPM raw cotton is observed with the introduction of carbon black and graphite.
Development of anti-friction wear-resistant composite polymer materials and study their properties Taking into consideration the obtained data of studies we developed anti-friction wear-resistant polypropylene (AIPPK) and polyamide composition (AIPAK) of functional purpose [1] for the working bodies of cotton machines and mechanisms, what provides important physical, mechanical, tribo-technical and operational characteristics of CPM (table 1), working in interaction with raw cotton.
Based on these experimental data we drew the graphical chart of degree of abrasion of surface of experimental and metal parts from the time of operation (Figure 2).
The data in Table 2 shows that the absolute value of productivity of cotton machines with a working bodies made of composite materials is higher and power consumption, the fiber and seeds damage - lower, compared with serial working bodies.
Data analysis Figure 2 and Table 2 shows that the use of polymeric composite materials as the materials for new developed construction of working bodies of the cotton machines and mechanisms, which work in frictional interaction with raw cotton, leads to an increase longevity and durability of composite polymer details to 2.0-2.2 times, machine productivity to 7-14% and decrease the power consumption to 5-8%, decrease the mechanical damage of cotton fibers to 0,12-0,28% and crushed seeds to 0,16-0,32%.
Development of anti-friction wear-resistant composite polymer materials and study their properties Taking into consideration the obtained data of studies we developed anti-friction wear-resistant polypropylene (AIPPK) and polyamide composition (AIPAK) of functional purpose [1] for the working bodies of cotton machines and mechanisms, what provides important physical, mechanical, tribo-technical and operational characteristics of CPM (table 1), working in interaction with raw cotton.
Based on these experimental data we drew the graphical chart of degree of abrasion of surface of experimental and metal parts from the time of operation (Figure 2).
The data in Table 2 shows that the absolute value of productivity of cotton machines with a working bodies made of composite materials is higher and power consumption, the fiber and seeds damage - lower, compared with serial working bodies.
Data analysis Figure 2 and Table 2 shows that the use of polymeric composite materials as the materials for new developed construction of working bodies of the cotton machines and mechanisms, which work in frictional interaction with raw cotton, leads to an increase longevity and durability of composite polymer details to 2.0-2.2 times, machine productivity to 7-14% and decrease the power consumption to 5-8%, decrease the mechanical damage of cotton fibers to 0,12-0,28% and crushed seeds to 0,16-0,32%.
Online since: August 2019
Authors: Mochammad Zainuri, Darminto Darminto, Zaenal Arifin, Eka Suarso, Anna Zakiyatul Laila, Firsta Agung Setyawan
The analysis of data from XRD was done using the Match!
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of LFP prepared at temperature variations of 600oC, 650oC, and 700oC According to the results of XRD patterns analysis, the peak shape can be used as qualitative data, where wide peaks with high intensity indicate a smaller size of crystals.
The XRD data analysis is shown in Table 1.
The rGO was made from old coconut shell through thermal reduction at 400oC followed by mechanical exfoliation.
Metselaar, The green reduction of graphene oxide, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 27807–27828
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of LFP prepared at temperature variations of 600oC, 650oC, and 700oC According to the results of XRD patterns analysis, the peak shape can be used as qualitative data, where wide peaks with high intensity indicate a smaller size of crystals.
The XRD data analysis is shown in Table 1.
The rGO was made from old coconut shell through thermal reduction at 400oC followed by mechanical exfoliation.
Metselaar, The green reduction of graphene oxide, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 27807–27828