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Application of AC Impedance Spectroscopy for Characterization of BiNbO4 Ceramics Agata Lisińska-Czekaja, Beata Wodecka-Duśb, Dionizy Czekajc Department of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 2, Sniezna St.,41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland aagata.lisinska-czekaj@us.edu.pl, bbeata.wodecka-dus@us.edu.pl, cdionizy.czekaj@us.edu.pl Keywords: BiNbO4 ceramics, impedance spectroscopy, equivalent electric circuit Abstract.
Bismuth – based dielectric ceramics are known as low–fire materials [1].
Acknowledgments The present research has been supported by Polish National Science Centre (NCN) from the funds for science in 2011-2014 as a research project N N507 218540.
Vol. 31 (1992), p. 3152 [2] W.Wersing: Microwave ceramics for resonators and filters, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science Vol. 1 (1996), p.715 [3] E.
Czekaj: Fabrication and study of BiNbO4, submitted to Key Engineering Materials, (2011) [8] D.

This material contains a lot of silica, which is about 59% (w/w) [2].
The main purpose of the research is the utilization of materials of solid waste of palm oil industries as substituting for common fillers in the industries of natural rubber (NR).
Materials and Method Materials.Materials used in this study were POFA as a filler obtained from local mills (Riau, Indonesia), natural rubber (SIR-20 with a 70 Mooney viscosity at 100 °C), obtained from local rubber processing industry (Riau, Indonesia).
Poosodsang, Comparative Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Filled with Defatted Rice Bran, Clay, and Calcium Carbonate, Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 6 (2012) 249-258
Mahmud, Carbon Silica Dual Phase Filler, A New Generation Reinforcing Agent for Rubber, Wilson Applied Science and Technology. 74 (2001) 124-128

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study was conducted through a support by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 90815024, 50808032, 50908032, 51078061) and Mega-projects of Science Research for the 11th Five-Year Plan(2008ZX5026—004）of china.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 22 (2), 199-204
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001 (6), 76-79
Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 45 (1), 79-84
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24 (19), 3449-3453.

The present of “Exploding in Fracture” In order to exploit the low-permeability reservoir effectively, the technology of “Exploding in Fracture” is presented by Institute of Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Science.
Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2010,Vol．34 No．5:69-72.
(in Chinese) [3]LIN Yingsong，JIANG Jinbao，ZHU Tianyu，et al.Research of cement sample damage and fracture by exploding load[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum，2006，30(3)：55–58.
(in Chinese) [8]CHEN Shihai，WANG Mingyang，QIAN Qihu.Study on distinction of blasting crack zones and time course of stress in rocks[J].Explosion Materials，2004，33(3)：33–36.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2007，29(6)：917–921.

Wang: Key Engineering Materials Vols.426-427(2010) , p.458-462
Yuan: Journal of the University of Petroleum Vol.2 (2002), p.120-124
Mechefske: Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol.325(2009), p.629-648
He: Journal of Vibration and Shock Vol.3 (2004), p. 24-28
Zi: Journal of Engineering Mathematics Vol.12(2001) , p.87-92

InSustainability Challenges and Delivering Practical Engineering Solutions: Resources, Materials, Energy, and Buildings, 2023 May 9, pp. 31-33.
International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. 2022 Jun, 13(2), pp.831-51
Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023 Feb, 30(6), pp.15145-57
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2023 Jun, 20(6), pp.6531-58
International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2014 Apr5, pp.1-7

Introduction User innovation means that users propose a new vision, make use of a new equipment, tools, materials, technology, and improve the manufacturer's product or process for their own certain purpose.
[4] von Hippel,E.: Management Science, Vol. 40 (1994) No.4, pp. 429-439
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:Journal of Business Research, Vol. 49 (2000) No. 1, pp. 11
:European Management Journal, Vol. 22 (2004) No. 2, pp. 252

There are mainly three ways of stacking for raw materials and products as shown in Fig.1: (1) multiple single-row type (slabs); (2) multi-layer and column synthetic type ‘A’ (tubes); (3) multi-layer vertical type (round and square billets).
Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2001 (52) 1091-1097
Journal of University Science and Technology Beijing, 2011 (33) 376-382
International Journal of Production Economics, 2006 (104) 482-501
International Journal of Production Research, 2011 (49) 5133-5151

Study on Optimization Model of Multiple Depot Vehicle Scheduling in Logistics Distribution of Expressway Service Area Qian Zhou 1, a, Chunlong Xu 1,b ,Jun Liu 2,c 1 Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114,China 2 Hunnan Communications Institute, Changsha, 410015,China azhouqianhn@163.com, b12298007@qq.com, cljonline091@163.com Keywords: Expressway service area, Logistics distribution, Multiple depot vehicle scheduling, Unblocked reliability, Ant colony algorithm.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by Science and Technology Demonstration Project of Transport Ministry of China in Chang-Xiang Expressway [NO. 2009(333)].
Networks, Vol. 54 (2009) , p. 99-107 [2]R.A., Malairajan K.International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalization,Vol.2 (2009), p.67-76 [3]Baldacci R., Bartolini E., Laporte G.The Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.61 (2010),P.1072-1077 [4]H.Mei, Y.Wnag.Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 392(2009) ,P.677-681 [5]Jiuping Xu, Liming Yao,Xiaodan Zhao.
Journal of software, Vol.6 (2011),P.612-619
[7]Leta Anuzlene,Algirdas Bargelis.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management.

Thermal stability of combustible materials in a slab under bimolecular, Arrhenius and sensitized exothermic reactions are studied in [6].
In [7], the thermal stability of reactive materials with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity is investigated.
Also by investigating different materials, with associated thermal conductivity properties, specific types of internal heat generation may be assigned to these materials.
Makinde, On the thermal decomposition of reactive materials of variable thermal conductivity and heat loss characteristics in a long pipe.
Journal of Energetic Materials, 30 (2012) 283-298