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And the main cost of it is the production and processing of the crystalline silicon material.
According to the type of semiconductor materials, thin film solar cells can be divided into amorphous and polycrystalline silicon, GaAs, CdTe, CuInSe2 and Organic thin-film solar cells etc..
Light scattering effect was not only related to the size and shape of metallic nanoparticles, but also to the components of substrate materials and other environmental factors.
JA13427 and the science and technology project of Xiamen City University under Grant No.
Chakarov, Nanostructures for enhanced light absorption in solar energy devices, International Journal of Photoenergy, (2011) 939807.

Analysis on Function Components and Biohealth Function of Phyllostachys heterocycla Biomass MA Qing-zhia , WU Feng-juan, ZHANG Dang-quan, PENG Wan-xi School of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, City Changsha, P.R.
Materials and Methods Materials and Methods.
The sample chips were processed from fresh material.
Gang, X .Kaishao, Journal of Bamboo and Research Vol.23(2004), p.5 [6] Li Baotong.
Journal of Plant Protection Vol.30(2003), p.166-170

Effect of substrate temperature on the haze and properties of SnO2: F thin film coated on glass (FTO) by spray pyrolysis process Qingnan Zhao, Shuo Wu*, Dengkui Miao (Key Laboratory Of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China) Corresponding author,Tel:+86 27 87669729 E-mail addresses:wushuo.phyche@hotmail.com(SH,WU), zhaoqingnan@tom.com(Q.Zhao) ABSTRACT: The textured thin films of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) were prepared onto preheated glass substrates by a spray pyrolysis technique, using dehydrate stannous chloride (SnCl2:2H2O) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) mixed with alcohol, as precursor.
Sheet resistance is an important parameter in comparing thin films, particularly those of the same material deposited under similar conditions.
Acknowledgements The author is gratefully acknowledged to department of the Center for Materials Research & Analysis of Wuhan University of Technology for XRD and AFM images and the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for material synthesis and processing for the Morphology images.
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2003, 28: 105-110
Journal of functional material and devices,2005,11（2）：202 [23] Shanthi E, Dutta V, Banerjee A, et al.

Introduction Increasing environmental concern has pushed the development of sustainable, eco-friendly, and biodegradable materials [1].
New techniques in nanotechnology have been developed to investigate and strategize a material for multiple applications in various and allied fields of science.
One of the excellent raw materials for extraction of crystals is the Eichhornia crassipes, locally known as water hyacinth, since it has high percentage of cellulose, (60%) compared to other lignocellulosic composition, which contains 8% hemicellulose and 17% lignin [10].
Sanchez, Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: from Biosources to Materials and their applications, Chem.
Kim, XRD and FTIR Studies of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Fiber, Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials, Vol. 29 (2017) 9-16

In this work, the solidification of Cs/Sr was investigated based on the material ZSM-5 NaY sieve.
The resultant material was evaporated and dried at 120 for 3 hours.
These materials were labeled respectively as ZCs-65, ZCsSr-65, ZSr-65, HZCsSr-65; ZCs-7, ZCsSr-7, ZSr-7, HZCsSr-75; ZCs-85, ZCsSr-85, ZSr-85, HZCsSr-85; ZCs-95, ZCsSr-95, ZSr-95, HZCsSr-95; ZCs-105, ZCsSr-105, ZSr-105, HZCsSr-105, ZSM-105.
Journal of materials science, 1997, 32(22): 5851-5887

Letters on Materials 1(2), 78 (2011) (in Russian) [3] D.K.
Dmitriev, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 119, 766 (2014)
Kistanov, Fundamentalnye problem sovremennogo materialovedeniya [Fundamental problems of modern materials science],11(1), 9 (2014) (in Russian)
Letters on Materials 5(1), 11-14 (2015).

Effect of controlling of different crystallography form of hematite on the oxidation of phenol by Fenton-like reagent Xingfei Guo1, 2, a, Hongwei Zhang1, b, *, Cong Ma1, Xu Han1, Yuzhi Chen1, Jingchen Wang1 1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China 2State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China aemail: feifei_0630@sina.com, bemail: zhanghw@tjpu.edu.cn * Corresponding author: Hongwei Zhang Keywords: Fenton-like Reagent; Hematite; Phenol; Degradation Abstract.
Materials All the reagents were analytical grade and were purchased from Tianjin Bei Fang chemical Co.
Acknowledgement In this paper, the research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51308390).
Materials Letters [J]. 2011, 65: 1911-1914 [8] M.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2011, 28: 7639-7644

The graded gravel stone is the main material of subgrade bed surface layer,which determines the frost heave of subgrade.
Tests materials Graded Gravel.The graded gravel selected for the tests is fresh and slightly weathered hard sandstone,which is massive and sharp, physical properties of graded gravel in natural condition is shown in table 1: Tab.1 The physical index of graded gravel Maximum particle size/(mm) Maximum dry density ρdmax/(g.cm-3) Dry density ρd/(g/cm3) Water content w0/(%) 45 2.24 2.14 2.7～3.2 Fig.1 The grain size distribution curve of graded gravel Grouting Material.When considering the liquidity and irrigation of slurry,the slurryc omposition and mixture ratio is:liquid A:rubber powder:liquid B:resin 305:power C=100∶5∶3∶1∶3.The technical index of grouting material is shown in table 2: Table 2 The technical index of grouting material Dendity ρ/(g/cm3) Viscosity /(MPa.s) Solidification time/(h) Curing compressive strength/(MPa) 1.12 2.50 3～5 0.25 The test model and model filling The model’s length,width, high is 350cm,60cm,70cm respectively
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicals and Engineering，2002，21(7)：1099-1103
Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2009，58 (3)：130-135.

Zhang 1 * 1.West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China 2.College of Material Science & Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai,China,200051 Keywords: PELGE, Nanoparticles, Intravenous, Mitoxantrone.
The surface modification of the nanoparticles with a blood compatible material is important in order to improve the potential of nanoparticles in the intravenous injection drug delivery systems.
Materials and methods Materials: The following four copolymers were selected: PLGA, PELGE (P, PE5, PE10, PE20), to prepare drug-loaded nanoparticles.
Journal of Controlled Release. 79 (2002), 123-135.

Mechanical Properties of C/SiC Composites via Precursor Pyrolysis with Pretreated Carbon Fiber Song Wang, Zhaohui Chen, Fan LI and Haifeng Hu CFC Lab, College of Aerospace and Materials Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P.R.China Keywords: C/SiC composites, precursor pyrolysis, mechanical properties, thermal treatment Abstract. 3D C/SiC composites were fabricated by polycarbosilane (PCS) infiltration and pyrolysis process.
Introduction Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (C/SiC), with excellent mechanical and thermomechanical properties, are most promising candidate materials for utilization at ultra-high temperature conditions [1].
Materials Science and Engineering A. 2005,390:154
Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, Vol.29(4): 365 (in Chinese)