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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Meng Ke Zhang, Chen Chen Wang, Ai Xiang He
Sample data is divided into four types, respectively, fall of coal, coal gangue ratio 3:1, coal gangue ratio 2:1 and waste rock acoustic data.
Therefore, this article first has carried on the wavelet noise reduction processing to the raw data, extract the real coal gangue signal.
Fig. 1 Coal gangue acoustic signals after wavelet de-noising Feature extraction.Coal waste data after wavelet noise reduction for 1 frame per 256 data points (that is, a sample is about 10 ms) MFCC processing, respectively select some sample data structure database as the experimental data.
A sample of each type of data set .
Through nonlinear mapping function to input data into a higher dimensional Hilbert space.
Therefore, this article first has carried on the wavelet noise reduction processing to the raw data, extract the real coal gangue signal.
Fig. 1 Coal gangue acoustic signals after wavelet de-noising Feature extraction.Coal waste data after wavelet noise reduction for 1 frame per 256 data points (that is, a sample is about 10 ms) MFCC processing, respectively select some sample data structure database as the experimental data.
A sample of each type of data set .
Through nonlinear mapping function to input data into a higher dimensional Hilbert space.
Online since: March 2022
Authors: Muthia Elma, Isna Syauqiah, Putri Vidiasari Darsono, Nur Hidayah
Then in the fourth experiment, the gas will be accommodated for a gas chromatography test to obtain a comparison of gas concentration data before and after purification using an adsorber membrane.
This likely occurs due to the evaporation of the degraded cellulose components, resulting in a reduction in hydrocarbon compounds that make the membrane surface look clearer [11].
In addition, the performance of the adsorber membrane can also be assessed based on the effectiveness resulting from the gas separation process, which in this case can be in the form of data both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Qualitative data is usually displayed in the form of visual results, including based on the results of the flame test.
According to Ritonga (2020) flame test, Qualitative data is usually displayed in the form of visual results, including based on the results of the flame test.
This likely occurs due to the evaporation of the degraded cellulose components, resulting in a reduction in hydrocarbon compounds that make the membrane surface look clearer [11].
In addition, the performance of the adsorber membrane can also be assessed based on the effectiveness resulting from the gas separation process, which in this case can be in the form of data both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Qualitative data is usually displayed in the form of visual results, including based on the results of the flame test.
According to Ritonga (2020) flame test, Qualitative data is usually displayed in the form of visual results, including based on the results of the flame test.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Zahra Fakhroueian, Alireza Bahramian, A. Amraei
The reduction in IFT leads to mobilization of the oil by buoyancy forces.
Effect of wettability alteration, IFT reduction, permeability, viscosity, diffusivity, and block dimension was studied for surfactant treatment of a single matrix block by Mohanty et al. [9].
Also they could behave as novel nanosurfactants at the n-heptane/water interface and indicated really reduction of IFT and surface tension in air/water interface.
The maximum error of contact angle data in our experiments is ±0.1°.
Measurements were performed at constant rpm and repeated ten times for each sample and maximum error of the reported S.T and IFT data in our experiments contain ± 0.25- 0.05 mNm-1.
Effect of wettability alteration, IFT reduction, permeability, viscosity, diffusivity, and block dimension was studied for surfactant treatment of a single matrix block by Mohanty et al. [9].
Also they could behave as novel nanosurfactants at the n-heptane/water interface and indicated really reduction of IFT and surface tension in air/water interface.
The maximum error of contact angle data in our experiments is ±0.1°.
Measurements were performed at constant rpm and repeated ten times for each sample and maximum error of the reported S.T and IFT data in our experiments contain ± 0.25- 0.05 mNm-1.
Online since: August 2019
Authors: Mochammad Zainuri, Darminto Darminto, Zaenal Arifin, Eka Suarso, Anna Zakiyatul Laila, Firsta Agung Setyawan
The analysis of data from XRD was done using the Match!
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of LFP prepared at temperature variations of 600oC, 650oC, and 700oC According to the results of XRD patterns analysis, the peak shape can be used as qualitative data, where wide peaks with high intensity indicate a smaller size of crystals.
The XRD data analysis is shown in Table 1.
The rGO was made from old coconut shell through thermal reduction at 400oC followed by mechanical exfoliation.
Metselaar, The green reduction of graphene oxide, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 27807–27828
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of LFP prepared at temperature variations of 600oC, 650oC, and 700oC According to the results of XRD patterns analysis, the peak shape can be used as qualitative data, where wide peaks with high intensity indicate a smaller size of crystals.
The XRD data analysis is shown in Table 1.
The rGO was made from old coconut shell through thermal reduction at 400oC followed by mechanical exfoliation.
Metselaar, The green reduction of graphene oxide, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 27807–27828
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Chang Lei Dai, Long Yan Chang, Hou Chu Liao
than their non-frozen soils
4
Potential evapotranspiration analysis in seasonal frozen soil area on the Northern Tibetan plateau [18]
Seasonal frozen soil area on the Northern Tibetan plateau
Observation data of MS3478automatic weather station
Using Penman-Monteith method to analysis of potential evapotranspiration variation
Soil moisture is not major factors affecting potential evapotranspiration.
5
The water, heat, salt movement regularity of freezing-thawing soil [19]
Kangjin Houqi liberation gate irrigation fields
Actual monitoring data from soil freezing test and data from weather station
Simulation of variation process of surface evaporation and accumulation evaporation
Throughout the winter period the soil evaporation is smaller than summer, especially in soil freezing stage daily evaporation is close to 0.
6
Study of frozen soil impact on evapotranspiration variability and precipitation variability [20]
In Eastern Siberia
7 years evapotranspiration data
Analysis of the inter-annual
variation data of evapotranspiration in Eastern Siberia larch The annual evapotranspiration in a relatively stable state in the year of precipitation large relative changes 7 Study on surface energy distribution and evapotranspiration [21] Danggula Mountain of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area Monitor data of net radiation, sensible heat, precipitation, soil water content, and so on.
Relevant research as shown in table 2: Table 2 Relevant research on effects of frozen soil on runoff No Research names Environmental characteristics Sources of data Research methods Main conclusions 1 freezing and thawing of frozen soil [6] Frozen soil observation field Hydrologic station data Analysis of runoff variation characteristics in different seasons Frozen soil as impermeable layer can increase runoff, stranded precipitation and improving river basin water storage capacity. 2 The reason cause of runoff increase of Eurasia 6 major rivers[25] Eurasian Rivers Deep frozen soil melting data and precipitation data Ablation in deep frozen soil, moisture migration, precipitation effects on runoff Changes melting depth of frozen soil primarily through changes moisture-conservation capacity in soil to influence runoff 3 Analysis Yenisei River (central Siberia rivers) flow variation [26] Yenisei River Detection of historical runoff data Comparative historical data to analysis the Yenisei
in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity, and it also improve the melt water storage 6 Sandy soil infiltration characteristics under frozen soil effect[39] Southern fringe of Gurbantunggut desert Sandy soil infiltration test data Analysis of the characteristics of sandy frozen soil infiltration in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity 7 Infiltration reduction characteristics of seasonal frozen soil [40] Natural freezing-thawing soil field Field infiltration test data Analysis of the mechanism of infiltration reduction Frozen soil hydraulic conductivity decreasing is a basic reason of frozen soil infiltration capacity decrease, under freezing conditions Research method of frozen soil infiltration primarily use infiltration test (double-loop instrument), and research contents mainly focused on the reasons of frozen soil infiltration reduction.
Seasonal freezing-thawing soil freezing-thawing characteristics and study on permeability reduction, Jurnal of soils, vol. 1, pp. 24-32,2000.
variation data of evapotranspiration in Eastern Siberia larch The annual evapotranspiration in a relatively stable state in the year of precipitation large relative changes 7 Study on surface energy distribution and evapotranspiration [21] Danggula Mountain of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area Monitor data of net radiation, sensible heat, precipitation, soil water content, and so on.
Relevant research as shown in table 2: Table 2 Relevant research on effects of frozen soil on runoff No Research names Environmental characteristics Sources of data Research methods Main conclusions 1 freezing and thawing of frozen soil [6] Frozen soil observation field Hydrologic station data Analysis of runoff variation characteristics in different seasons Frozen soil as impermeable layer can increase runoff, stranded precipitation and improving river basin water storage capacity. 2 The reason cause of runoff increase of Eurasia 6 major rivers[25] Eurasian Rivers Deep frozen soil melting data and precipitation data Ablation in deep frozen soil, moisture migration, precipitation effects on runoff Changes melting depth of frozen soil primarily through changes moisture-conservation capacity in soil to influence runoff 3 Analysis Yenisei River (central Siberia rivers) flow variation [26] Yenisei River Detection of historical runoff data Comparative historical data to analysis the Yenisei
in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity, and it also improve the melt water storage 6 Sandy soil infiltration characteristics under frozen soil effect[39] Southern fringe of Gurbantunggut desert Sandy soil infiltration test data Analysis of the characteristics of sandy frozen soil infiltration in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity 7 Infiltration reduction characteristics of seasonal frozen soil [40] Natural freezing-thawing soil field Field infiltration test data Analysis of the mechanism of infiltration reduction Frozen soil hydraulic conductivity decreasing is a basic reason of frozen soil infiltration capacity decrease, under freezing conditions Research method of frozen soil infiltration primarily use infiltration test (double-loop instrument), and research contents mainly focused on the reasons of frozen soil infiltration reduction.
Seasonal freezing-thawing soil freezing-thawing characteristics and study on permeability reduction, Jurnal of soils, vol. 1, pp. 24-32,2000.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Koichiro Fukuda, K. Fukushima, T. Iwata
The space group change from P63 to its subgroup P21
eliminates the triad axis of the former phase, which involves a reduction in the symmetry of the
trigonally distorted rings.
Methodology Crystal-structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data.
The crystal-structure solution of hexagonal SrAl2O4 from the profile intensity data at 1073K was preceded by the determinations of unit-cell parameters as well as possible space groups [7].
Thus, the distortion involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings.
Crystal data of selected alkali earth aluminates Chemical composition Space group a /nm b /nm c /nm β / ° V / nm3 Z Dx/M·gm-3 Temp.
Methodology Crystal-structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data.
The crystal-structure solution of hexagonal SrAl2O4 from the profile intensity data at 1073K was preceded by the determinations of unit-cell parameters as well as possible space groups [7].
Thus, the distortion involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings.
Crystal data of selected alkali earth aluminates Chemical composition Space group a /nm b /nm c /nm β / ° V / nm3 Z Dx/M·gm-3 Temp.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Liliana Luca, Liviu Marius Cirtina, Constanţa Rădulescu
Data required to the computer.
The data required for input into the computer are presented in Table 1.
Schematic representation of the obtained data.
The designer so does not have adequate data for applying relation (4).
The obtained data is represented schematically in Fig. 5.
The data required for input into the computer are presented in Table 1.
Schematic representation of the obtained data.
The designer so does not have adequate data for applying relation (4).
The obtained data is represented schematically in Fig. 5.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Abdullah F. Saud, Hakim S. Abdelgader, Ali S. El-Baden
Behavior of TSC in compression has been well documented, but there are little published data on its behavior in tension and modulus of elasticity.
However, flexural strength data on preplaced aggregate concrete were not presented.
Both figures demonstrate a strength reduction as the w/c ratio increases.
Another significant finding from the compressive strength data was the somewhat limited rate of strength development.
Eq. 3 is also valid for estimating 90-day splitting tensile strengths based on 90-day compressive strengths, as the data in Fig. 6 suggest.
However, flexural strength data on preplaced aggregate concrete were not presented.
Both figures demonstrate a strength reduction as the w/c ratio increases.
Another significant finding from the compressive strength data was the somewhat limited rate of strength development.
Eq. 3 is also valid for estimating 90-day splitting tensile strengths based on 90-day compressive strengths, as the data in Fig. 6 suggest.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ting Li, Zhi Gang Zhang, Lu Tao Zhao
Carbon market risk directly affects the investor confidence and emission reduction results.
Empirical study In this paper, the portfolio risk of the future value in carbon market are estimated, the data we studied are two series of future value in the same historical times.
On the base of assuming the weights of these two are equal, the portfolio risk could be calculated to tell which model is better by comparing with the real data.
Because of the lack of data of dec12 on Dec 26 2007, the data on that day of dec11 is omitted.
Finally total 1189 groups of data is considered.
Empirical study In this paper, the portfolio risk of the future value in carbon market are estimated, the data we studied are two series of future value in the same historical times.
On the base of assuming the weights of these two are equal, the portfolio risk could be calculated to tell which model is better by comparing with the real data.
Because of the lack of data of dec12 on Dec 26 2007, the data on that day of dec11 is omitted.
Finally total 1189 groups of data is considered.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Neale Ramaswami Neelameggham, R.E. Brown
Present processes of electrolytic as well as the thermal reduction will be described along with their carbon dioxide emissions.
Here we have carried out the carbon dioxide emission calculation by using the published data.
Magnesium oxide carbothermal - reduction takes place above 1900°C.
Apparently hydroelectric power is used in providing the endothermic heat for the resistance heated furnaces where the reduction takes place, as well as for the ferrosilicon production.
Neelameggham, Soda Fuel Cycle Metallurgy –Choices For CO2 Reduction, in CO2 Reduction Metallurgy, N.
Here we have carried out the carbon dioxide emission calculation by using the published data.
Magnesium oxide carbothermal - reduction takes place above 1900°C.
Apparently hydroelectric power is used in providing the endothermic heat for the resistance heated furnaces where the reduction takes place, as well as for the ferrosilicon production.
Neelameggham, Soda Fuel Cycle Metallurgy –Choices For CO2 Reduction, in CO2 Reduction Metallurgy, N.