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The indentations were obtained with a Berkovich diamond indenter, applying the Oliver and Pharr model [10] for data analyses.
All data reported in the present work are average values over ten measurements for each load.
From figure 1 it is clear in fact that the introduction of hydrogen produced a visible reduction in the average roughness of the films.
AFM measurements showed a strong reduction of the columnar grains size (from 900 nm per films deposited in pure Ar to around 400 nm for those deposited in Ar/H2 atmosphere) and a similar reduction of the RMS roughness.
The observed hardness maximum can be therefore explained by the reduction of the grains size, probably due to the Hall-Petch behavior [18].

In order to avoid questionable results, it is necessary to use experimental data on not only the properties of the material, but also on its rheological behavior during actual deformation.
At the same time, an increase in the parameters of percent elongation δ5 and percent reduction of area ψ were on average at 23.4% According to the results of testing samples for KCU and changes in density (volume-weight hydrostatic weighing by the difference in theoretical (reference) and actual density of samples), КСU values increased by 5.7% and porosity by 24.1%.
Comparison of the calculation results of H and Λ parameters of the forging ingots using the isotropy and anisotropy hypotheses, with the ultrasound testing data for shaft forgings according to Western European DIN standards and American ASTM standards showed that the use of forging ingots with three-beam symmetrical B and asymmetric cross sections С helps to increase the yield of ultrasound-suitable forgings (class C/c with a permissible equivalent discontinuity diameter of ≤ 3 mm), both in the presence and absence of argon blowdown in the melt ladle prior to casting it into molds.
Sklyar, Features of deformation of partly crystallization blooms at their two-stage soft reduction, Materials Science Forum. 704-705 (2012) 1-5
Skliar and e.t.c Physical and Computer modeling of new soft reduction Process of continuously cast blooms, Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 50 (2015) 12-17.

Consequently, data on weld repairs are scarce.
Furthermore, the availability of experimental data on weld repair effects on the fatigue behavior may be very useful in determining inspection intervals in critical welded structures.
On the other hand, one can also observe the axial fatigue strength reduction of the BM with the original welding (OR) application, for both low (<105) and high (>105) fatigue cycles (LFC and HFC, respectively), whose endurance limit was about 47% of the AISI 4130 yield strength.
A subsequent reduction of the axial fatigue strength is observed when 1R is applied, now with the endurance limit crossing down σn in HFC.
From Fig. 5, with exception to 3R condition and the WM regions, it is observed that all the HAZ sub-regions presented reduction of the microhardness values from FGHAZ (Fine-Grain HAZ) to BM, naturally.

The concentrations of N and P in Waihai were measured in laboratory and all the physicochemical data were measured on-the-spot in sample sites.
On account of the data needed were amounts and weighted average concentrations, the following formulas were used in present calculation: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Where mtw, mtp, mts means the total amount in water, pore water and sediment; Caw, Cas means the average concentration in water and sediment; Ci, Ai, Ti, Di, Pvwi means the concentration of pollutant, area of polygon, thickness of sediments, depth of water and percentage of volume water content in each Thiessen polygon, respectively; ρs means the dry soil density of sediments.
The reduction rate indicated that the preferential circulating species was the DTP, especially the PO43- which reached 68.7% of the reduction of DTP, which could be explained by the fact that the main form which was used directly by all kinds of biology and easily absorbed by sediments was DTP.
On the other hand, even though the insoluble phosphate (ISP) accounted for more than half of the reduction of TP, the reduction rate was just 25.9%.
The reduction of NH4+-N in the pore water was 68.2 t, while the increment in the water was just 8.3 t.

The membrane data: thickness: t=1mm, material density: ρ =2500kg/m3, material E-Modulus: 1000N/mm2, material tension stiffness: Et=1000N/mm, poisson’s ratio: ν=0.3, membrane initial prestress σ0 is 2Mpa, 3Mpa, 4Mpa and 5Mpa respectively.
The heavier Δm is, the larger the reduction will be.
The membrane data: thickness: t=1mm, material density: ρ=1500kg/m3, material E-Modulus: 1000N/mm2, poisson’s ratio: ν=0.3, membrane initial prestress σ0 is 2Mpa, 3Mpa, 4Mpa and 5Mpa respectively, cable E-Modulus: 2.0×105N/mm2, cable section area: 314 mm2.
The heavier Δm is, the larger the reduction will be.
But the fifth frequency only has little reduction.

Environmental purchase is defined as purchasers’ involvement in supply chain management activities in order to facilitate recycling, reuse and source reduction(Carter,1998 ).
By being located at the beginning of the forward flow of materials within an organization, purchasing is placed in an advantageous position to implement resource reduction activities (Carter,Ellram and Ready,1998).
Research Design and Data Collection.Environmental performance in itself contains a number of standards.
Purchasing managers can ask upstream members of the suppliers in supply chain to be committed to environmental goals such as waste reduction, timber consumption reduction and emission of poisonous rubbish reduction.
Industrial Management & Data Systems , (1998)，pp313 - 320 [7] Sam Dzever et.al.

In a second step simulations were performed using a typical fcc hot rolling texture as starting texture (we used the data published in Zhao et al. [4]) We used the usual set of the twelve slip systems for the fcc lattice, i.e. the {111}<110> slip systems.
Figure 2 shows a comparison of the deformed meshes after a height a) b) c) d) Figure 1: The four different meshes used: a) 30x30 2D elements b) 30x1x30 3D elements c) 10x10x10 3D elements d) 10x100x10 3D elememts a) b) c) d) Figure 2: Side view of the deformed mesh after 60% height reduction. a) 2D model b) 3D model one element layer c) and d) 3D model 10 element layers; a) - c) random starting texture d) hot rolling texture as starting texture reduction of 60% for the 2D model and the 3D models with one and ten element layers, respectively.
In the following we will therefore concentrate on α-fibre plots, which show more clearly the a) Max: 19.3 b) Max: 18.5 Figure 3: ODF (ϕ2 = const. sections) after sixty percent height reduction with fully prescribed boundary condition, isoline levels 1, 2, 3, …, 10 a) 2D model b) 10x10x10 element mesh a) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 f(g) ϕ1[°] 30x30 30x1x30 10x10x10 10x100x10 b) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 f(g) ϕ1[°] 30x30 30x1x30 10x10x10 10x100x10 Figure 4: α-fibre plots for the 4 different models after 60% height reduction with fully prescribed boundary conditions a) direct comparison b) displaced curves differences between the models.
Figure 4 shows the final α-fibre for all four models with fully a) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 f(g) ϕ1[°] 0% 24% 48% 60% b) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ϕ1[°] 0% 24% 48% 60% f(g) c) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 f(g) ϕ1[°] 0% 24% 48% 60% d) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 f(g) ϕ1[°] 0% 24% 48% 60% Figure 5: Development of the α-fibre with increasing deformation for the four meshes studied and fully prescribed boundary conditions a) 30x30 2D elements b) 30x1x30 3D elements c) 10x10x10 3D elements d) 10x100x10 3D elements prescribed boundaries after 60 % height reduction.
We used the data as given in [4], that is we used one near cube component (ϕ1 = 197.87°, φ = 6.47°, ϕ2 = 245.00°) with 15.27° scatter and a volume fraction of 29.03 % the remaining 70.97 % are modelled by one random component, moreover we assumed orthorhombic sample symmetry.

The space group change from P63 to its subgroup P21 eliminates the triad axis of the former phase, which involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings.
Methodology Crystal-structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data.
The crystal-structure solution of hexagonal SrAl2O4 from the profile intensity data at 1073K was preceded by the determinations of unit-cell parameters as well as possible space groups [7].
Thus, the distortion involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings.
Crystal data of selected alkali earth aluminates Chemical composition Space group a /nm b /nm c /nm β / ° V / nm3 Z Dx/M·gm-3 Temp.

Identifying elastic properties of isotropic materials by finite element analyses and vibration data Marco Alfanoa, Leonardo Pagnottab and Giambattista Stiglianoc 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS) - Italy a alfano@unical.it, bpagnotta@unical.it, cstigliano@unical.it Keywords: elastic constants; isotropic materials; FEM; NDT.
In the present paper, an optimized search procedure is proposed which allows the material constants of isotropic plates to be non-destructively identified from vibration testing data and using finite element analyses.
The procedure has been applied using frequency data retrieved from the literature and a comparison with the results obtained by means of other test methodologies has shown that the proposed approach is effective.
The process starts assuming the guess value assigned by the user (Estart, νstart), then in the pre-processing stage the input file of the FEA code (MSC/NASTRAN [18]) is adjusted modifying the MAT1 bulk data entry which defines the isotropic stress-strain relationship.
Future work will be focused on the reduction of the solution time.

Data Acquisition.
Data Processing.
The Design of Data Display Circuit.
Digital manometer has the following functions: acquiring data from the external environment, processing data, digital display.
Digital manometer software system includes: the main program, AD0809’s starting and data readout, data processing, data display (LED display and dynamic scanning) and so on.