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They all assume the underlying stochastic variable to follow a Geometric Brownian process[1].
In this way, the oil prices follow the following equation stochastic differential equation[1]: （1） Where f is jump size, E (f -1) is the expected value of f – 1with respect to the density of f, h is reversion speed ((US$/bbl)-1.year-1) , r is exogenous discount Rate (% p.a.), lis annual frequency of jumps (per annum), lk is the Poisson jump expected value, is the long-run equilibrium mean (US$/bbl).
Figure 1.
[6] Paddock, J.L., Siegel, D.R., Smith, J.L., “Option valuation of claims on real assets: the case of offshore petroleum leases,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1988, pp.479– 508
[7] Pindyck, R.S., “The long-run evolution of energy prices,” Energy Journal , 1999,20 (2):pp.1– 27

Many studies for the photo decomposition of pollutants by these photocatalysts have been reported [1].
The length of as-exchanged titania whiskers are about 5-10μm and with a aspect ratio Fig.1 XRD spectra of different whiskers prepared by conditions of: (a) pH=2, [Ag+ ] = 0.001M; (b) pH=2, [Ag + ] = 0.0025 M; (c) pH = 2, [Ag + ] = 0.005M; (d) pH ≤ 1, [Ag+ ] = 0.001M; (e) pH ≤ 1, [Ag+ ] = 0.0025M; (f) pH ≤ 1, [Ag+ ] = 0.01M.
All as-exchanged residuals were heated at 800°C for 1 h.
References [1] M.R.
Bai: Materials Science Forum Vol. 475-479 (2005), pp. 1177.

The schematic of the system is shown in Fig. 1.The sampling device mainly includes a cone-shaped sampler, a Millipore filter (0.45μm), a liquid collector and a portable-operated pump [1].
Fig.1 Schematic of the sampling device for collecting geogas. 3.
From the Table 1, we can see that elements show very high extreme ratios, e.g.
REFERENCES [1] M.q.
Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, Vol.40. p. 465 - 479. (1993) [5] W.

Table 1 Parameter of welding processes.
Fig. 1 Dimension of tensile specimen [10].
References [1] D.
Russel, The contribution of precipitation to strain ageing in low carbon steels, Acta Metall. 8(1960) 468–479
Sci. 6(1) (2015) 101-106

Introduction Recently, the laser line scanners have been widely used in industrial production assembly line [1].
(a) (b) Fig. 1: The principle of screw driving unit with laser line scanner In-plane-angle variation.
References [1] Feng, H.
Chap. 3. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12012-1_3
Strano, A method for the calibration of a 3D scanner, Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing 27(2011)479-484 [12] D.

The resistivity is 7626.72 Ωcm and the conductivity is 1.31 x 10-4 Scm-1.
The films were annealed at 500°C for 1 hour using a furnace.
The final step was annealing the sample at 500°C for 1 hour.
References [1] X.
Ashfold, “Ultrathin aligned ZnO nanorod arrays grown by a novel diffusive pulsed laser deposition method,” Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 479, no. 1-3, pp. 125-127, 2009

Introduction TbCu7-type SmCo7 hard magnets have been extensively studied since the 1:7H phase exhibits huge anisotropy, large magnetization and high Curie temperature [1-3].
Fig. 1.
Table 1.
References [1] R.J.
Lu, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 479 (2009) 78

A Comparative Study on the Vibration Signal-Based Damage Detection for Rotor-Bearing System in Speed-Up Process: The Feature Extraction Approach Bong-Suk Kim 1,a, Soo-Hun Lee1,b, Jun Ni2,c and Jun-Yeob Song3,d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-479, Rep. of Korea 2 S.M.
Controller NI PXI-4472 Disk Shaft NI PXI-8187 Axial Horizontal Accelerometer Motor Signal conditioner Vertical Looseness Rub Crack Fig. 1 Experimental setup.
Considering that the vertical directional vibration is related to the resonance of the implemented rotating system, we estimated that the 1 st resonance peak of the rotor-bearing system was 30Hz (1,800rpm) through modal testing.
We collected total 5,120 data for 5 seconds passing through 1 st resonance peak 1,800 rpm during acceleration from 1,200rpm to 12,000rpm.
References [1] J.D.

The dimensions of samples are shown below in Table 1.
As temperature increasing, the ionic conductivity of Sm2Zr2O7 at 600°C is 6.43 × 10-4[S.cm-1], higher than that of Er2Zr2O7, and the conductivity is 1.91 × 10 -3[S.cm-1] at 800°C.
As temperature decreasing, the ionic conductivity of Sm2Zr2O7 is 4.23 × 10 -4[S.cm-1] at 600°C and 1.96 × 10-3[S.cm-1] at 800°C, higher than that of Er2Zr2O7.
References [1] K.P.
Vol.92 (1996), pp.479

We divided the problem into two parts (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 : Organisation of modelling.
Figure 11 gives the flow rate into the prototype 1 for an operating point of 12V.
References [1] JA.
MURPHY : Thermal performance of three solar air heaters, Solar Energy, Vol 51, N° 6, pp 467-479, 1993