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Introduction One of the most relevant topics in modern materials science is investigation of nickel aluminides.
The sintered materials had no macrocracks.
Mukherjee, The synthesis and consolidation of hard materials by spark plasma sintering, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 27(2) (2009) 367-375
Ohyanagi, The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: a review of the spark plasma sintering method, Journal of Materials Science. 41 (3) (2006) 763–777
Cao, Consolidation/synthesis of materials by electric current activated/assisted sintering, Materials Science and Engineering. 63 (4–6) (2009) 127–287

Acknowledgements This work is supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (10925212), National Natural Science Foundation of China (90916027, 11002113), 973 Program (2011CB610304), National Science and Technology Major Project (2009ZX04014-75), NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research (NPU-FFR-JC201009), the 111 Project (Grant No.
Dickens: Rapid Prototyping Journal Vol. 7 (2001), p. 66 [3] W.L.
Leu: Rapid Prototyping Journal Vol. 5 (1999), p. 12 [4] Y.
Rehmati: Rapid Prototyping Journal Vol. 4 (2009), p. 255 [5] T.
Sun: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Vol.68 (2006), p. 993

Sapium Sebiferum is a multiple functional tree with application in energy, pharmaceutics, materials and sightseeing.
It is a multiple functional tree with application in energy, pharmaceutics, materials and sightseeing.
In Lei Zhanlan’s study[8], Methyl palmitate is extracted by solvent fractionation to improve the low temperature properties of the remaining components in order to meet fuel requirement, the palm methyl ester is directly used as the matrix of chemical raw materials or intermediate.
[5] Lin Ji, Mingjing Yi, Yongqin Chen, Yong Chen, GC—MS analysis of fatty acid components of Sapium sebiferum seeds from five different habitats, Journal of Hubei University(Natural Science), vol.32, pp. 443-446, April 2010.
[6] Ying Jin, Kangquan Guo, Lianshe Cheng, Study on Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction of Sapium Sebiferum Roxb Epidermis Oil, Journal of Shanxi University of Science and Technology, vol. 26, pp. 53-56, January 2008.

It is one of the most common materials that are used in building construction industry.
Concrete can be readily moulded into virtually any required shape compared to other materials.
This type of materials called as fly ash.
Guizani, “Use of Viscosity-Modifying Admixture to Enhance Stability of Fluid Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 94, No. 4, 1997, pp. 332-341
[15] Prajapati Krishnapal, Chandak Rajeev and Dubey Sanjay Kumar, “Development and Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Mixed with Fly Ash”, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol. 1(3), 11-14, Sept. 2012

In recent years, grinding technology in precision machining and ultra-precision machining of ceramics, glass and high-strength alloys and other hard materials has been applied widely.
The research is mainly simulating the chip process of the single or multiple abrasive and analyzing the deformation process of the workpiece materials under the abrasive compression (such as uplift, chip), in order to reveal the mechanism of the grinding chip.
Hegeman: Fundamentals of Grinding: Surface Conditions of Ground Materials (Ph.D.
Lavine: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering Vol. 122 (2000), p. 59 [11] T.A.
Wani, Vinod Yadava and Atul Khatri: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 1-3 (2007), p. 282 [14] Su Chong: Research on Key Theories and Technologies of Virtual Grinding (Ph.D.

Agriculture is the important base of industrial raw materials.
Agriculture is the important source of the industrial raw materials, especially the raw materials of light industry.
At present, in China about 40% of industrial raw materials, and about 70% of the raw materials used in light industry originate from agriculture.
Agriculture is the important base of industrial raw materials.
Journal of Rural Studies. 

It is the important way to improve thermoelectric properties of skutterudite materials by doping with rare earth elements.
Introduction Skutterudite material is one of the most promising thermoelectric materials and has been one research focus.
This is because phonons in polycrystalline materials are easier to be scattered than in single crystal due to more grain boundaries and more defects.
Zhang: Physical properties of inorganic materials.
Zhao: Materials Science and Engineering in China,Vol.17, No.4, 1999(12), p. 55-59

Especially in materials, the materials needed are quality materials and have high mechanical properties.
Meeting the need for materials with certain characteristics is also a driving factor.
Various kinds of materials have been used and further research is also being carried out to obtain the right materials, one of which is composite materials. and do not dissolve each other between the materials where one material functions as a reinforcement and the other material functions as a binder to maintain the unity of its elements and improve the mechanical properties of a material with a number of multi-phase system properties with a combination of matrix or binder materials and reinforcement to produce composite materials which have different mechanical properties and characteristics from their constituent materials so that composite materials are easy to engineer according to the desired application [1-7].
References [1] Agustin, T., Prasetya, NBA and Widodo, DS (2013) 'Simultaneous Synthesis of TiO2-Activated Carbon Composites for Photocatalysis of Direct Blue 19 Dye Solutions and Metal Ions Pb2+ and Cd2+ Simultaneously', Journal of Chemistry Science and Applications, 16(3) , pp. 102–107.
[4] Barbero, EJ (2011) Introduction to Composite Materials Design.

Introduction Polymer/clay nanocomposites are a class of hybrid materials composed of organic polymer matrix in which inorganic particles with nanoscale dimension are embodied [1-2].
These materials are attracting considerable attention in polymer material study.
Nowadays, PP/MMT have been applied to the many aspects, such as, fire-retardant materials, wrappings, and bumper bar of motorcars[3].
Experiment Materials Polypropylene (PP F401) was purchased from YangZi Chemical Co.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science.

It is believed that fluorine contained in the carbon materials has a positive effect to improve the electrochemical properties as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Low coulombic efficiency in the first cycle is a common problem of hard carbon materials.
The fluorine content of the materials decreases as the carbonization temperature increases from 600 to 1000°C.
Fluorine contained in the carbon materials used as anode materials for Li-ion batteries has a positive effect to improve the electrochemical properties[9-10].
It is believed that fluorine contained in the carbon materials used as anode materials for Li-ion batteries has a positive effect to improve the electrochemical properties.