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The wear forms of friction materials at low temperatures are mostly adhesive wear and abrasive wear.
Metal components in the composite friction materials, such as iron and steel fiber, when they contact directly, and slide under certain pressures, the atoms of iron on the friction interface between the iron and steel fiber are easy to adhere; the adhesive points have been cut and adhered repeatedly, they are likely to form abrasive dust and break off, so that minute steel fibers are to be pulled out or partially torn, and cast iron materials may also be adhered or torn, therefore, resulting in wear and the Number of samples Sample size [mm] Total area of the test [cm 2 ] Dual-rotation Test pressure [Mpa] Temperature range [℃] Drum (disc) speed [r/min] Friction line speed [m/s] 2 25×25 12.5 Plane friction disc 0.5 100~350 480 7 formation of abrasive dust.
Serious adhesive parts are usually with larger abrasive dust, at the same time, materials around the adhesive points are easily to be torn off and form massive loss, as shown in Fig. 3 (A).
Li: Journal of Materials Science and Engineering Vol.18 (2000) No.6, p.125-130 [2] G.P.
Hu: About Chinese automotive friction material status.

In these materials anion occurred material began to become a research hotspot in the 1990 s, and widely application [2].
These minerals are added to the fiber, ceramic used for building decoration materials [10].
This paper was carried out in a laboratory has decorated with anion fiber materials.
Materials and Methods The human physiology experiment test was carried out in environmental science laboratory.
Negative ion fiber decoration materials have good influence on people's physiology and psychology action, and they are worthy of adoption in building decorating material.

Development of Cross-Linked Chitosan Films Reinforced with Chitin Nanofibers Supachok Tanpichai1,2,a * and Kitti Yuwawech3,4,b 1Learning Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand. 2Cellulose and Bio-based Nanomaterials Research Group, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 3Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand. 4Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
The growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based polymer materials has driven the development of bio-based materials.
Among various reinforcing agents, chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) have gained considerable attention for improving the mechanical properties of polymer materials.
Experimental Materials.
Nakamae, Elastic modulus of the crystalline regions of chitin and chitosan, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 37(11) (1999) 1191-1196

A micro-mechanical model for grain-boundary cavitation in polycrystalline materials V.
Summary A crystal scale model for polycrystalline materials undergoing boundary cavitation, a phenomenon appearing in some stages of creep, is proposed.
Desmorat: Engineering damage mechanics: ductile, creep, fatigue and brittle failures(Springer Science & Business Media, 2005)
Barbe, Modelling Polycrystalline Materials: An Overview of Three-Dimensional Grain-Scale Mechanical Models.
Journal of Multiscale Modelling, 5(01), (2013) [8] A.

But nowadays, light weight materials like aluminium and magnesium are mostly used in the aerospace and automotive industries.
‘Squeeze casting: an overview’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.101, (2000,) pp.1-9
[4] Vijian, P. and Arunachalam, V.P Modelling and multi objective optimization of LM24 aluminium alloy squeeze cast process parameters using genetic algorithm’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.186, (2006), pp.82–86
Ravikumar, K.S. and Pillai, S.G.K ‘Studies on squeeze casting of Al 2124 alloy and 2124-10% SiCp metal matrix composite’, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 490 , (2008), pp. 235–241
Skolianos ‘Effect of applied pressure on the micro structure and mechanical properties of squeeze cast aluminium AA6061 alloy’, Materials science and Engineering A, Vol. 231, (1997) pp. 17 – 24.

Environmental Science Journal, Vol.30 (2010), p.2353
Beijing: Science Press (2012),p.4
Environmental Science, Vol.28 (2007), p.1409
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.141 (2007), p.17
Journal of Hebei university of engineering, Vol.2 (2009), p.63

Tested by TDCB and WTDCB, the microcapsule self-repair materials were proved effectively.
* Corresponding author The mechanism performance of the microcapsule, the shell material, and the matrix material were respectively tested and analyzed by Nano Test 600 (Micro Materials Ltd., Wrexham, UK).
Different from the shell material, the microcapsule mechanical performances were more like the matrix materials. . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 1 2 3 4 Modules Hardness Sample No.
Vol. 71(1999), p775 [4] Brown E N : Journal of Microencapsulation.
Vol. 34 (2003), p743 [7] Mehdiabadi S.: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 6(1998), p631 [8] Sanghvi S P.: Journal of Microencapsulation.Vol. 9(1992), p21 [9] Alexandridou S.: Journal of Microencapsulation.

Abstract.Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials.
The advances of these materials have usually been considered by an increase in their applications.
MATERIAL Composite materials consist of two parts.
REFERENCES [1] Akbulut, S., Arasan, S. and Kalkan, E. (2007) Modification of clayey soils using scrap tire rubber and synthetic fibres, Journal of Applied Clay Science 38, 23-32
[5] Chegenizadeh, A. and Prof.Hamid Nikraz ,”Composite Soil: Fibre Inclusion and Strength”, Journal of Advanced Materials Research,1646, 2011 [6] Chegenizadeh, A. and Hamid Nikraz ,Interaction of soil and short fibre, , ASTM digital library,2011 [7] Chegenizadeh, A. and Hamid Nikraz, Composite Clayey Sand and Short Fibre, Advanced Materials Research Journal [8] Freitag, D.R. (1986) Soil randomly reinforced with fibres, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering ASCE 112 (8), pp. 823–826

British COMPAK equipment company was the earliest one to study using wheat straw and rice straw as raw materials.
Manufacturing technology of using wheat straw, rice straw and other non-wood materials as raw materials has become a project worked by a number of domestic research institutions and universities.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Urban Science Edition), 2005, 22(4): 25-27.
Henan Building Materials. 2011. (1): 97-98.
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition).2005.29(6): 109-113.

Oskam, Dye-sensitized solar cells with natural dye extracted from achiote seeds, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 94(2010) 40–44
Majid, A.K Arof, Performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with (PVDF-HFP)-KI-EC-PC electrolyte and different dye materials, International Journal of Photoenergy. 2011
Sharma, Dye-sensitized solar cell based on rose bengal dye and nanocrystalline TiO2, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 92(2008) 909–913
Bignozzi, Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells using red turnip and purple wild sicilian prickly pear fruits, International Journal of Moleciular Sciences. 11(2010) 254–267
Fatholahi, Natural pomegranate juice as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials-Rapid Communications. 5(2011) 360–362