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Email: s-aki@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp 2Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University Keywords: Shear Faulting, Echelon of Cracks, Failure Localization, Compressive Fracture, Crack Propagation, Crack Coalescence, Body Force Method Abstract.
Consequently, these materials are weak and easy to break under tensile stresses.
Therefore, when the brittle materials are employed for structural components, care has to be taken to avoid tensile stress.
Although brittle materials can endure a large compression, cracks may propagate when excessive compression is applied.
[15] Saimoto, A., Imai, Y., Hashida, T. and Nisitani,H., Progress in Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering, Key Engineering Materials, Vols.243-244, pp.285, 2003.

Bettess: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 13 (1978), p 1
Taylor: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 29 (1981), p 683
Bettess: International Journal for Numercial Methods in Engineering, 11 (1977), p 53
Chiam: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 21 (1985), p 1229
Astley: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 49 (2000), p 951

Industrialization of pollution-purifying agriculture to control non-point source pollution in Poyang Lake area Wu Zhongwei1, 2, 3, a and Lu Xiwu1,b 1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. 2 Eco-economy research center of Poyang Lake, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China. 3School of Chemistry and Cnvironmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
A long-term operation mode for Taihu governance was developed, which had changed the investment model of the ecological engineering pure rely on nation support.
In the point of view of discipline development, PPA is the product of the combination of advanced environmental science, engineering principles and agricultural production technology.
As a brand new cross Engineering Science, the core technology of PPA is the hydroponic vegetables constructed wetlands technology and various types of plants floating bed technology.
Such source water is characteristic in excessive nutrients, and can be used in production activity of PPA directly or after the pretreatment with environmental engineering technology.

MEMS Relay Optimization Design The relay optimization goal is to ensure that electrical and reliable action and release the premise, and strive to save energy, materials, and reduce Core collision energy, and other factors, to prevent contact bounce, so it is the constrained nonlinear programming problem.
[2] Qie He and Ling Wang, An effective co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization for constrained engineering design problems, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 20 (2007) 89-99
[3] Coello, C.A.C., Montes, E.M., Constraint-handling in genetic algorithms through the use of dominance-based tournament selection, Advanced Engineering Informatics. 16 (2002) 193–203
(Eds.), Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering Applications, Springer, Berlin, 1995, pp.497–514
K.Mohan, Analysis of A Simple Particle Swarm Optimization System, Intelligence Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, (1998) 253-258

Novel Biodegradable Polyurethane Foams Synthesized via Ring-opening Oligomerization of Ethylene Carbonate Initiated / Catalyzed by Propylene Glycol / [bmim]Cl-(SnCl2) System Jiancheng Zhou1,a, Ling Cheng1, b and Dongfang Wu1,c 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211189, China a jczhou@seu.edu.cn, bchengling3420127@126.com, cdfwu@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Poly Ether-carbonate Diols, Ring-opening Oligomerization, Ionic Liquids, Polyurethane, Ethylene Carbonate, Biodegradation Abstract.
The key to the preparation is to develop biodegradable polyols with low molecular weight, which react with isocyanate to introduce biodegradable chain into the polyurethane.
Ionic liquids, which are noncorrosive and nonflammable organic salts comprising entirely of ions, are liquid at or near room temperature and, as consequence of their nature, show some intriguing features such as extremely low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, ability to retain liquid state over a wide temperature range and ability to dissolve many organic, inorganic and polymeric materials [8].
Experimental Section Materials.
Gogolewski: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Vol. 67( 2003), p. 813 [2] M.

Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.
With the advent of the era of knowledge explosion , stunning speed of updating knowledge , the concept of lifelong learning as more and more people have accepted , while the Marxist Popular Education is a complex system engineering , which requires us to constantly explore learning , broaden horizons Marxist theory to explore its theoretical meaning, so that the times.
First, invest the necessary funds to support the development of key technologies network, building a firm strategic positions.
Mishing, in: Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, edtied by D.
Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003) [6] [6] P.G.

Materials and processes Powders and substrates.
This temperature was considered as a key parameter due to its role on heat transfers through the coating/substrate interface when spraying (Table 1).
Marple eds., ASM Int., Materials Park, OH, U.S.A (2003) 79
Lugsheider et al. eds., ASM Int., Materials Park, OH, U.S.A (2002) 592
Barbezat, Surface Engineering, 2001, 17, p. 490-494 [10] C.

Influence of surface properties and pore structure of high surface activated carbon on adsorption capacity of dibenzothiophene Zhijun Lia, Shuangling Jinb, Shimin Zhang, Huafeng Zhang, Ning Jiang, Jieling Cheng, Xia Shao, Minglin Jin, Rui Zhangc School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418 China a zhijunli789@163.com, b jinshuangling@gmail.com, c zhangrui@sit.edu.cn, Keywords: Activated Carbon, Fuel, Desulfurization, Dibenzothiophene Abstract.
Recently, many methods have been made to develop adsorbents for desulfurization of fuels, such as activated carbons [11], mixed metal oxides [14], clays [15]and zeolite-based materials [16].
The objective of this research is to acquire a deep insight into the mechanism of adsorption desulfurization on activated carbon materials and the relationship between the oxygen content and pore structure, and to explore the influence of high temperature treatment on pore structure and surface properties of the activated carbon, and their adsorption desulfurization performance.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Capacity Building Program of Shanghai local universities (No. 12160503600), the first-class discipline construction fund of Shanghai municipal education commission (No.J201212), Nature Science Foundation of China (U1332107) and Key discipline construction fund of composite materials of Shanghai Institute of technology (No. 10210Q140001).

Effect of cold rolling on the damping of as cast Cu - Al - Mn shape memory alloys Agnieszka Mielczarek, Yvonne Wöckel, Werner Riehemann a Institute of Materials Engineering and Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastr. 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany a werner.riehemann@tu-clausthal.de Keywords: Cu - Al - Mn, cold rolling, stress induced martensite, shape memory alloys.
For εP = 12 % damping increases again and a maximum in amplitude dependence of damping appears being characteristic for materials with cracks [13 - 15].
This was already reported for many materials for example in [13 - 15].
Conclusions Plastic deformation like cold rolling of Cu - Al - Mn shape memory alloys increases the volume fraction of martensite in the material.
Zak, B.Tonn: Key Eng.

Consequently, β-Sialon has been widely used in high temperature, automotive and aerospace industries, as engineering ceramics and refractories [2].
In the last decades, the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been extensively used in the study of oxidation kinetics of non-oxide materials [5].
In this work, β-Sialon powders were firstly fabricated by the combined sol-gel and microwave carbothermal reduction nitridation method using Si(OC2H5)4, Al(NO3)3·9H2O and C12H22O11 as the main starting materials, and their oxidation behavior was further investigated by using the non-isothermal TG method.
The main raw materials used included Si(OC2H5)4 (analytical reagent grade, SiO2 ≥ 28wt%), Al(NO3)3·9H2O (≥ 99wt%), C2H5OH (36~38 wt%) and C12H22O11 (chemical reagent grade) powders.
Chou, Morphological development and oxidation of elongated β-SiAlON material, Corros.