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The EL spectrum peak is at 430 nm, indicating that the carrier recombination is confined in the NPB layer, in additional light emission originates from NPB.
It suggested that the CuPc and BCP exactly function as hole-consuming and hole-blocking layers, respectively, which enhance the efficiency of carrier ，s recombination and confine the excitation in the EL layer.
Introduction Remarkable progress has been made since the initial discovery of organic light electroluminescence devices (OLEDs) by Tang et al [1], in 1987.
Finally a LiF buffer layer and Al cathode were deposited at a background pressure of 10 -6 Torr onto the organic films.
This is indeed the case as a blue EL emission characteristic of the emissive NPB layer is produced by the OLED of this particular layer structure.

And to take the barrier Al2O3 and the remaining Al as the insulating layer and conducting layer, respectively, and to fill the phosphor in nano-pores as emitting layer would be another promising application of AAO in EL [4].
Prospect The promising application of the AAO membrane in FED and EL.
In this paper, an assumption about the application of the membrane in FED and EL was proposed.
And the application of the special AAO structure in FED and EL would be promising and available.
Fig. 3 emission spectra of (a) bulk ZnO (b) ZnO in AAO heated at 500°C (c) sample (b) annealed in reduce atmosphere at 300°C PLASTIC SUBSTRATE Remained Al Barrier layer Al2O3 Phosphor embedded ITO sputtered ITO ELECTRODE PHOSPHOR INSULATOR AL ELECTRODE Electrons emitting tip Conductive cathode insulator insulator ITO phosphor Remained Al ITO sputtered Nano-pore Phosphor embedded Fig.4 prospect of the application in FED and EL (a) field tip-emitter arrays of FED (b) sandwish structure of EL (a) (b) Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful for Ruilong Zong of the valuable advice and technical help.

The EL spectra of all the samples are found to be broad with peak at about 420 nm.
Peng et al [22] have also reported PL of undoped ZnS nanoparticles with a peak at about 415 nm which, after de-convolution, indicates two peaks at 411 and 455 nm.
Jayanthi et al [24] have also reported the same thing when lower concentration of Cu in ZnS is increased.
El-Sayed, Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes, Chem.
Norris, A.L.

Application of chitosan coating delayed electrolyte leakage (EL) while1-MCP maintained firmness, EL and extended storage life at 32 days after storage.
The modified method followed the procedure used by Alves et al. [13].
Electrolyte leakage (EL) measurement was modified by the method of Suwapanich and Haewsungcharern [14] and Fan and Sokorai [15].
EL was expressed as a percentage (%) of the conductivity of total tissue electrolytes and calculated from the following equation: % EL = Initial conductivity × 100 Total conductivity Fruit firmness was measured using a Shimadzu EZ test and a 0.5 mm-diameter plunger set to pierce 1-cm depth.
EL as membrane permeability of mango increased during storage that correlated with fruit ripening (Fig. 1).

Pan et al. [9] attributed it to rod like defects and Sun et al. [10] explained it in conjunction with the existence of spatial indirect excitons.
The insert in (b) shows EL spectra.
The EL intensity is found to increase by more than one order of magnitude in the analyzed temperature range.
The insert in Fig. 1b shows EL spectra.
Note, the SRH lifetime τ = 10 µs, which has been deduced from our model for the sample of Ng et al.

Finally, an aluminum (Al) layer (100 nm) was vacuum deposited as the cathode metal.
A: ITO/PEDOT-PSS/Poly-TPD/TFB : PHPS/BCP/Al B: ITO/PEDOT-PSS/Poly-TPD/TFB : PHPS/BCP : PMMA(1:1)/Al C: ITO/PEDOT-PSS/Poly-TPD/TFB : PHPS/BCP/Al D: ITO/PEDOT-PSS/Poly-TPD/TFB : PHPS/BCP : PMMA(1:1)/Al E: ITO/PEDOT-PSS/Poly-TPD/TFB : PHPS/BCP : PMMA(1:1)/Cs2CO3/Al Samples A and B were not rinsed with xylene, while the other three samples were.
TFB:PHPS BCP PEDOT Poly-TPD Al 3.2 ITO 5.3 4.7 5.1 2.3 3.1 6.7 4.3 Fig. 1.
HOMO and LUMO levels of four organic materials and work functions of Al and ITO are displayed.
EL properties of quintuple-layer structures.

In particular, at -40 oC, steel B had a high TS×El of TS=964 MPa and El=35 %.
According to the experimental results of Kajimura et al. [5], the yield stress of ferrite is considered to be lower than that of austenite in the tensile testing temperature range from 0 to 200 oC.
Olson et al. [6].
Effects of tensile testing temperature (oC ) on (a) TS, (b) El, (c) TS×El and (d) Vγ in steel A.
Effects of tensile testing temperature (oC) on (a) TS, (b) El, (c) TS×El and (d) Vγ in steel B.

Addition of 6 wt% Zn and 1 wt% Al (ZA61) to pure Mg significantly increases the strength and %El.
Addition of small amounts of Ca to ZA61 alloy further improves the strength without much decrease in %El.
Further increase in Al to 4 wt% (ZA64) increases 0.2%PS, decreases %El and UTS remains almost the same.
Heat treatment increases the strength but reduces %El.
Thus, the highest tensile properties are obtained for the ZA64 alloy in the T6 condition: 130 MPa 0.2%PS, 225 MPa UTS and 4.9 %El.

The hybrid junction devices (EL devices) were characterized by room temperature PL and electroluminescence (EL).
The figure shows the structure of (CdSe, CdS and ZnS) QDs EL devices.
The transport electrons from the cathode (Al) and emits light in response to an electric current as appear in fig.1.
Fig.4: I-V forward characteristics of the hybrid EL devices.
Tsao et al., Light Emitted Diodes (LEDs) for General Illumination.

The results from EL experiments indicate that Alq2A has good electron transport properties as compared with tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3).
Fig. 2 Molecular orbital amplitude plots of the HOMO and LUMO of the Alq2A molecule Electroluminescent Properties According to the literature[10], the following device structures were designed to compare the electron transport properties of Alq2A with that of Alq3: ITO/2-TNATA(10nm)/NPB(50nm)/Alq3(60nm)/LiF (1nm)/Al(120nm)(deviceA),and ITO/2-TNATA(10nm)/NPB(50nm)/Alq3(30nm)/Alq2A(20 nm)/ Alq3(10 nm)/ LiF(1nm)/Al(120nm) (device B).
The two devices have the same EL spectra, which are similar to the PL spectrum of Alq3 (see Fig.3).
The comparison of EL efficiency as function of current density for device A and B is shown in the inset of Fig. 4.
Conclusions We report experimental studies, electronic structures and EL properties of Alq2A.