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Cycling is thought to aid the ICP film stability by morphological restructuring to form a more compact structure, as well as helping the film reach an equilibrated redox response [11,13,14].
Aldissi, Analytical Chemistry 2009, 81, 3944 [11] F.
Michaelis, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 1993, 351, 169
Wernet, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 1995, 397, 163

Effects of gadolinium on aging behavior and mechanical properties of Mg-5Y-3Nd-Zr alloy Lidong Wang1,3, Chengyao Xing1,2, Xiuli Hou1,3, Yaoming Wu1, Jianfei Sun2, Zhanyi Cao3 Limin Wang1,a 1State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 3Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China almwang@ciac.jl.cn Keywords: Mg-5Y-3Nd-Zr alloy; Gadolinium; Aging behavior; Mechanical properties Abstract.
Phase morphology composition and structure of T6 state alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Secondly, the radius and chemistry property of Gd, Y and Nd are similar, and the Gd addition can substitute Y and Nd easily, which lead to the decrease of the solid solution of Y and Nd and results in more precipitates in the matrix.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (20921002), Science and Technology Program of Changchun (08YJ09), Base Building Program of Jilin University and Science and Technology Innovation Program of Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry.

The morphology change from rod-like to sheet-like structure indicated its dependence on temperature.
Zhang V., Liu J., Peng Q., Wang X. and Li Y., Chemistry of Materials; 2006;18:867-871 [4].
Yang Z., Xu J., Zhang W., Liu A. and Tang S., Journal of Solid State Chemistry; 2007;180:1390-1396 [24].
F., Li H., Zhang D., Xiong W., Dong K. and Qian C., ‎The Journal of Physical Chemistry; 2006;110:1632-1637 [27].

Alkoxyalkanol modified Ti(OCHMe2)4: Synthesis and Characterization of novel [(OPri) 4-nTi (OC2H4OR)n] Madhvesh Pathak1,a,*, Blassan Samuel1,b, Kiran Tummalapalli1,c, Prasanth Vuppalapati Giri1,d, Sivasankar Koppala2,e, Rakesh Bohra3,f and Kap Jin Kim4,g,* 1Centre for Nanomaterials, Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore – 632 014, Tamil Nadu State, INDIA 2School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University, 28725 Bremen, Germany 3Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, INDIA 4Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, SOUTH KOREA amadhveshpathak@vit.ac.in, bblassansamuel@vit.ac.in, ckiran.tummalapalli@vit.ac.in, dnani.prasanth8@gmail.com, epepsiva9@gmail.com, frkbohra
Because of the consequences of sol-gel technique, sincere efforts are still in the process to get and characterize the nano-structured titania from these newly synthesized metallo-organic derivatives of titanium(IV).

With decreasing temperature, the structure with its cubic unit cell (a=7.391 Å) remains unchanged.
Seraphin: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.109 (2008), p. 262
Azzoni: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol.177 (2004), p. 4494
Varma: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol.68 (2007), p. 490

The selected residues obtained from the electrolytic extractions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystal structure of 2 nd phase particles.
The difference might be attributed to the standard chemistry specification which regulate the amount of niobium should be added in proportion to carbon content.
Chemistry optimization.
It is concluded that the Type 347 stainless steel of optimum chemistry among 9 test materials has 0.023wt% C and 0.07 wt% N .

All optimized structures were confirmed to be minimum energy conformations.
Molecular geometry The optimized molecular structure of 1-Naphtol was shown in Fig.1.
The global minimum energy obtained by the DFT structure optimization was presented in Table 1.
The optimized molecular structure of 1-Naphtol Table 1.
Durig (Ed.), Vibrational Spectra and Structure, vol. 14, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985

Compound Structure type Pearson symbol Space group a, Å b, Å c, Å Ref.
Konyk, Crystal structure of compounds in the Sc–Cu–Al system, Coll.
Mihalkovic, Crystal structure of 1/0-2/1-1/0 Cu–Al–Sc approximant, Philos.
Modern Directions in Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Lviv, 2015, p. 95
Kimball, ScR2X and LnT2X compounds with the MnCu2Al-type structure, J.

According to the difference of solubility of nitrogen and oxygen in water, the affect of the difference of molecule structures between nitrogen and oxygen on their solubility in water was discussed in the paper.
The dissolving mechanism of oxygen and nitrogen The different molecular structure between oxygen and nitrogen.
To analysis the difference of solubility between oxygen and nitrogen, we should analysis their molecular structure first.
References [1] Kangnan Fan, Jingfa Deng, physical chemistry, Higher Education Press.2005
[8] Frank Brescia, John Arents, Herbert Meislich, Fundamental of Chemistry,Academic Press (1980).

Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Bone Void Filler Made from Hydroxyapatite-Rice Starch Composite Sittiporn Punyanitya1,a, Warangkul Punyanitya2,b, Sakdiphon Thiansem3,c and Rungsarit Koonawoot1,d 1Science and Technology research institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 2Punyanitya Medical Instrument, 19/44, Singharaj Road, Tumbol Sriphum, Amphur Muangchiangmai, 50200, Thailand 3Department of Industrials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand apunyanitya.s@gmail.com, bmariachi_rino@hotmail.com , csakdiphon@hotmail.com, dkoonawoot@yahoo.com Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Rice starch, Bovine bone, Bone void filler, Composite Abstract.
BVF was prepared by adding the pore former method to mimic the pore structure of bones.
Bone void filler (BVF) is bioceramic for bony voids that are not intrinsic to the stability of the bony structure.
The method for preparing BVF-RS composites presented in this work provides easy structure and surface modification for bone tissue engineering.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support given by Research Administration Center, Office of the University, Chiang Mai University and Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University for research workplace.