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Therefore, product price is the key to attract customers’ attention.
An assembly line consists of workstation k=1,…,m, which are arranged along a conveyor belt or a similar mechanical material handling equipment.
In upper process, line balancing in stitching stage is an important key to reduce the cost.
Kao, A new bidirectional heuristic for the assembly line balancing problem, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 57 (2009) 1155-1160.

In order to investigate the facture mechanism of weld bonded joint, optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy are used to check the material structure and the facture surfaces respectively.
In order to reduce car weight, the challenge for engineers is to design light-weight car bodies by means of new materials and joining technologies [1].
Experiments Material Description.
To control the adhesive thickness, small glass balls with 0.3mm diameter are added into the adhesive, as adhesive thickness is a key factor to guarantee good strength of adhesive bonded joint [11].
In the HAZ, shown in Fig. 4 (b), the material is recystallized into a fine structure that consists of bainite and ferrite.

Mahmoudi, Numerical investigation of dual-stage high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process: A study on nozzle geometrical parameters, Applied Thermal Engineering 111 (2017) 745-58
Zheglova, Ansys CFX Study of Aerodynamic Characteristics during Blade Profile Rotation, International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17 (2021) 153-60
Neely, Aeromechanical Modeling of Rotating Fan Blades to Investigate High-Cycle and Low-Cycle Fatigue Interaction, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 137 (2015) 052505
Zhou, Microstructure control and properties of cold-sprayed titanium and its alloy coatings, Materials Science and Technology 37 (2021) 121-43
Ghasemi, High-temperature flow characterization and microstructural evolution of Ti6242 alloy: Yield drop phenomenon, Materials Science and Engineering: A 673 (2016) 346-54.

The diamond-like carbon (DLC) is one of the new kinds of materials.
From 1950s on, the new sort of carbonous materials has been invented constantly.
Fig.1 shows that some carbonous materials that prevail in the market and the corresponding qualities of them.
DLC can be the top one in the new kind of carbonous materials.
Wang, Modification of semiconductor materials by plasma immersion ion implantation, Shanghai: Fudan University, 2010

Hench1 1 University Professor of Engineering, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, 32901; USA *address correspondence to Larry Hench, 9900 Bellagio Ct.
Polak, Third-Generation Biomedical Materials, Science, 295, 1014-1017 (2002)
Stevens, Complexity in Biomaterials and Other Challenges in the Translation of Tissue Engineering, Nature Materials, 8, 457-470 (2009)
Hench, Hierarchical Porous Materials for Tissue Engineering, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 364, 263-281 (2006)
Stevens, Comparative Materials Differences Revealed in Engineered Bone as a Function of Cell-Specific Differentiation, Nature Materials. 8, 763-8 (2009)

In general, nanofluids is a fluid containing nanoparticles such as SCNTs, MWCNTs, Al2O3, MoS2, diamond and other materials.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their gratitude to the members of the Precision Micro Manufacturing and Quality Engineering Laboratory at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology,Taiwan.
References [1]Che Haron, C.H., Ginting, A. and Arshad, H. (2007) ‘Performance of alloyed uncoated and CVD-coated carbide tools in dry milling of titanium alloy Ti-6242S’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology,Vol. 185 ,Issue 1-3, pp.77-82
[8]Liu,Z.Q., Cai,X.J. and An,Q.L.(2011) ‘Investigation of cutting force and temperature of end-milling Ti-6Al-4V with different minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) parameters’, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture,  Vol. 225, no. 8, pp.1273-1279 [9]Lopez de Lacalle,L.N., Angulo,C., Lamikiz,A. and Sanchez,J.A.(2006) ‘Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of spray cutting fluids in high speed milling’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.172, Issue 1,pp.11–15 [10]Malcher, Hv.
[23]Wu,D.H. and Chang,M.S.(2004) ‘Use of Taguchi method to develop a robust design for the magnesium alloy die casting process’, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol.379, Issues 1-2, pp.366-371

Materials and Methods Granite Varieties.
GRANITE KEY: AL, Albero; GA, Gris Alba; GM, Gris Mondariz; GR, Grissal; RP, Rosa Porriño; SV, Silvestre Vilachán; TP, Traspieles In selecting the materials to be tested, in order to obtain a representative sample we tried to ensure the greatest possible diversity in terms of response to cutting and textural parameters (grain size, degree of alteration and porosity).
Given the large number of parameters that can affect cutting and the complexity of the problem, we tested the materials by varying only those parameters which most affect the cut: linear cutting speed (m/min) and cutting depth (mm).
Zhou: Study on the fuzzy ranking of granite sawability, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139, 277-280 (2003)
Malkin: Forces and energy in circular sawing and grinding of granite, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME 123 (1), 13-22 (2001)

The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by utilizing modified β-cyclodextrin microspheres Fengyu Li 1，a, Xiaomei Sun2，b , Buhai Li2，c 1 School of environment and civil engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technoloy, Wuhan 430073, P R.
China 2 Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074 ,P R China a lfy5@sina.com, b sunxm311@yahoo.com.cn, clibuhai1946@163.com Keywords: β-Cyclodextrin; Modification; heavy metal; Adsorption Abstract Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to remove heavy metals Cu(II)and Ni(II) by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) grafted β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD).
A large number of materials have been synthesized to remove metal ions from wastewater.
There are abundant functional hydroxyls outside the cavity which can be modify and synthesize more useful materials. β-Cyclodextrin(β-CD) and its derivatives have been widely used in the removal of organic pollutants[8-10].
Experimental Materials The β-CD microspheres and PMDA-modified β-CD microspheres were prepared in the same methods as describled elsewhere [14].

Microstructure Development and Alloying Elements Diffusion during Sintering of Near-β Titanium Alloys Elena Pereloma1, a, Dmytro Savvakin2,b, Andrew Carman1,c, Azdiar Gazder1,d and Orest Ivasishin2,e 1School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia 2Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences Ukraine, Kiev, UA-03142, Ukraine aelenap@uow.edu.au, bsavva@imp.kiev.ua, cdr@andrewcarman.com, dazdiar@uow.edu.au, eivas@imp.kiev.ua Keywords: Titanium alloys; microstructure; sintering; iron content; diffusion Abstract Two near-β alloys, Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-2Cr-1Fe and Ti-10V-3Fe-3Al, were produced by the blended element powder metallurgy technique.
Savvakin, The impact of diffusion on synthesis of high-strength titanium alloys from elemental powder blends, Key Eng.
Materials, 436 (2010) 113-118
Kasprzak), ASM International, Materials Park, 1990
Tuijn, Self-diffusion and Impurity Elements Diffusion in Pure Metals: Handbook of Experimental Data, Pergamon Materials Series, 14, 2008

Institute of Materials Science and System Engineering, MingDao University, Changhua, Taiwan 3.
Semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) used as labeling materials for biomarkers have obtained much attention recently.
Meanwhile, fluorescent latex particles (polystyrene particles) have been widely used as labeling materials in life science.
Bacterial spot is a key factor for bacterial diseases occurring in Solanaceae plant around the world [8-10].
Materials and methods Fluorescent silica nanoparticles synthesis.