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Introduction In computer science, a Directed Acyclic Graph is a directed graph with no directed cycles.
DAGs may be used to model several different kinds of structure in computer science.
Acknowledgments This paper is supported by science & technology program of shanghai Maritime University No. 20100129, and supported by 2009 Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission 09YZ243.
Supply Chain Management, Purchasing and Supply Management, Logistics, Vertical Integration, Materials Management and Supply Chain Dynamics.
[4] Mason-Jones, R., and Towill, D.R., Coping with uncertainty: Reducing bullwhip behavior in global supply chains, Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal,2000, 1(1), 40-45

Soft Template CTAB-Assisted Synthesis of Mesoporous Ni-B Amorphous Alloy Nanoparticles Guang-Ya HOU1,a Qi-Bin WEN1,b, Yi-Ping TANG1,c, Hua-Zhen CAO1,d and Guo-Qu ZHENG1,e 1 College of chemical Engineering and materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China ahouguangya@gmail.com, b544520652@qq.com, ctangyiping@zjut.edu.cn, dcaohz@zjut.edu.cn ezhenggq@zjut,edu.cn Keywords: Ni-B; Amorphous alloy; Mesoporous structure; Surfactant CTAB.
Experimental procedure Material preparation.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51101140) and the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No.Y4090479).
Abdel Hamid: international journal of hydrogen energy 36(2011) 849-856

Several key issues in the FE modeling are introduced briefly, i.e. the material models for steel and concrete, interface model to simulate the steel and concrete interface, element types, meshes, and boundary conditions.
The main objectives of this research are as follows: first, to develop a FEA model on elliptical CFST slender columns under axial compression; second, to perform mechanism analysis on elliptical CFST slender columns using the FEA model. 2 Finite element modeling The axial compression analysis is conducted in ABAQUS/Standard module where both material and geometric nonlinearities are considered. 2.1 Material models (1) Steel Elastic–plastic model is used to describe the constitutive behavior of steel.
（a）A （b）B （c）C （a）A （b）B （c）C Fig. 5 Stress distribution of steel tube Fig. 6 Stress distribution of concrete Acknowledgments The research reported in the paper is part of Project 51208135 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China (NO. 2009-K2-11), and as well as the Liaoning Province Education Departmental Scientific Research Foundation of China (No.
Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 67 (2011) 437-452
Beijing: Science Press, 2007.

Upconversion Luminescence and Optical Studies of Nd3+ in Bismuth Borate Glasses Onanong Chaemlek1,a,*, Pruittipol Limkitjaroenporn2,b, HongJoo Kim3,c Jakrapong Kaewkhao2,c 1Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 2Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand 3Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea ach_onanong@hotmail.com, bgolfpo@hotmail.com, cmink110@hotmail.com Keywords: Bismuth borate glasses; Optical properties; Neodymium doped Abstract.
Of particular importance to the upconversion efficiency is the intermediate energy level lifetime of the RE ion, which depends on the phonon frequency of the host material [3-4].
Dr.Onanong Chaemlek would like to thank Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University for financial support.
Sharma, Effect of Nd3 + concentration on the physical and absorption properties of sodium-lead-borate glasses, Brazilian Journal of Physics, 37 (2007), 1306-1313

The study of fracture mechanics is crucial for understanding the propagation of cracks and predicting the failure of materials.
Chazallon, “A Discrete Element Model for Damage and Fatigue Crack Growth of Quasi-Brittle Materials,” Adv.
Paggi, “A unified interpretation of the power laws in fatigue and the analytical correlations between cyclic properties of engineering materials,” Int.
Suresh, “Fatigue of Materials,” Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 1998
Murakami, “Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions,” Elsevier Science, 2nd ed., 2002

Hence there is a need to find ways to formulate safe and cost-effective biocidal materials.
Previous studies show that antimicrobial formulations of silver in the form of nanoparticles could be used as effective bactericidal materials.
Thus, the syntheses, characterization, functionalization of nanosized particles open the possibility of formulation of a new generation of bactericidal materials.
Antibacterial activity of the silver-containing materials can be used, for example, in medicine to reduce infections as well as to prevent bacteria colonization on prostheses [10], catheters [11, 12], vascular grafts [13], and human skin [14].
“Green” chemistry and chemical processes are progressively being integrated in science and industry for sustainable development [15].

Fabrication of Semisolid Billets of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy by Severe Plastic Deformation and Remelting Haixia Shi a, Dehong Lu b, Hui Gong, Rong Zhou Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan ashihaixia74@sina.com, bldhongkust@126.com Keywords: Severe Plastic Deformation, Friction Stir Processing, Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy, Semisolid Billets Abstract.
Introduction Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy has been developed one of the main materials for engine pistons and cylinder liners.
On the contrary, if these hard-brittle second phases get refined and granulated, they would become the enhanced phases and greatly improve the mechanical properties of materials.
Experimental detail Materials.
Birol: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 207 (2008), p. 200 [4] H.

Semi-Open Thermal Protection Scheme of Electronics in Nuclear Rescue Robot Ke Sun1,a, Yanlong Han1,b, Weiling Luan1,c* 1 Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road Shanghai, 200237, China a skcherryblossom@163.com, b13564112634@163.com, cluan@ecust.edu.cn Keywords: semi-open scheme; electronics; nuclear rescue robot; thermal protection Abstract.
Traditional phase change material (PCM) based closed scheme for thermal protection is not suitable due to the capacity limitation of PCM.
Emergency response to the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants using mobile rescue robots, Journal of Field Robotics 30 (2013) 44–63
Thermal control of electronics for nuclear robots via phase change materials, The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy-ICAE 2015 Energy Procedia 75 (2015) 3301-3306
Hot Subject of the international heat transfer community-microelectronic cooling, Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China 2 (1988) 20-25.

It is known that dislocations, i.e., linear defects of the crystal lattice that violate the correct alternation of atomic planes, affect the processes of plastic deformation and fracture of materials under the influence of stresses.
Exact solutions to such problems were found only in exceptional cases; this mainly refers to incompressible materials.
For compressible materials, only two exact solutions are known in problems of wedge disclination - for a semilinear material and a simplified version of the Blaitz and Co material.
Dissertation for the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences.
Effect of the cyclic loading and deformation of a material on the characteristics of propagation of a longitudinal acoustic wave, Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. 2004.

In the recovery phase, we assume that all the necessary materials in the first few stages has been transported to the destination.
But after this critical moment how to recycle surplus materials because of the blindness is worth studying.
Collection is completed in the rescue place and then transport recyclable materials to the emergency material dispatching center.
Response to the requirements of the times and improve the utilization rate of materials.
The International Journal of Logistics Management 17(2):187– 212(2006)