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Processes on the Thermodynamic Properties of Lithium Borates Haiqing HU, Sisi ZHANG, Yafei GUO, Tianlong DENG* Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine Science and Engineering at Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. of China *Corresponding author: tldeng@tust.edu.cn, Tel/Fax: 86-22-60602963.
In the literature, a new approach to measure the standard molar enthalpies of hydrated borates with the standard molar enthalpies of formation of corresponding cations in aqueous sloution and liquid water form the salts of structures.
The unknown standard molar enthalpies of formation of hydrated lithium borates could be estimated by this way when their structures are known, i.e.
LiB5O8(OH)2(I, II) has a three-dismensional network structure, and Li4[B8O13(OH)2] · 3H2O has a 2D palyer structure with the larger odd 13-membered boron rings.
Synthesis, structure and thermodynamic property of a new lithium borates, Li4[B8O13(OH)2]·3H2O [J].

Long 2 1 Department of Chemistry, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou 313000, China 2 School of Metallurgy and Materials, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China Keywords: Castables; Thermal conductivity; Structural property Abstract.
The influence of structure on the heat transfer has been investigated using different sorts of refractory matrix.
The results indicated that the heat conductivity of sol-gel bonded castables was considerably affected by their structure.
The phase composition of matrix, porosity, pore size distribution and pore size structure were the most important factors.
As for the heterogeneous materials just like refractories, the thermal conductivity is believed to depend primarily on physical structure or microstructure [1].

Introduction Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) (their chemical structures shown in Fig. 1) are incorporated into various materials, such as plastics and polyurethane foam to decrease the risk of fire [1, 2].
The quantitative analysis of PBBs and PBDEs is very difficult due to quite a complicated analytical process as shown in Fig. 2 and to the many chemical structures involved as shown in Fig. 1.
(a) (b) Fig. 3 Main components of (a) gas chromatograph (GC) and (b) gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) Mass spectrometry is the analytical technique used to identify unknown compound structures and to determine the concentration of the interesting compound in a sample.
Ballschmiter: Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 371 (2001), p. 882
Miller: Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, (1993)

Characterization of particle structure and morphology.
Results and Discussion Crystal structure, size and morphology of nanoparticles Figure 2 X-ray diffraction pattern of bare superparamagnetic magnetite nanopowder and modified magnetite nanopowder with T6, T7 and T8.
Surface chemistry: FTIR Spectra Study 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 581 1169 1303 1407 1637 1533 1615 2336 2366 2374 3451 3450 2924 % T Wavenumber /cm -1 Bare e3O4 F T6 T7 T8 Figure 3 FTIR spectra of bare magnetite iron oxide, T6, T7 and T8.
Overbeek, “Colloidal Dispersions,” Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1981
Hiemenz, “Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry,” Marcel Dekker, New York, 1986

.), their structure changes [15 – 17].
Decrease of material strength says about significant effect of radiation defects on PTFE structure and mechanical properties.
Ivchenko, Atomic structure of cascades of atomic displacements in metals and alloys after different types of radiation, IOP Conf.
Lunkwitz, Changes in the chemical structure of polytetrafluoroethylene induced by electron beam irradiation in the molten state, Radiat.
Walton, Metallocene catalysed ethylene/alpha olefin copolymers used in thermoplastic elastomers, Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77 (2004) 552-568

A link between the lignin structure and the antioxidant activity of the obtainable phenolics has been established [10].
Pyrolysis products were obtained at the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, as described in literature [3], and evaporated to a paste “whole paste” with water content <10%.
However, this calculation was not applicable to the pyrolysis product samples, because their antioxidant activity is the result of various chemical structures with different molecular masses.
Int Biodeter Biodegr, 110 (2016) 121-128 [10] Ponomarenko, J., et al., Analytical pyrolysis – A tool for revealing of lignin structure-antioxidant activity relationship.
J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 104 (2013) 38-47 [14] Lu, X., et al., Enhanced antioxidant activity of aqueous phase bio-oil by hydrothermal pretreatment and its structure-activity relationship.

Thomson, Sandwich materials for wind turbine blades: Present and Future, Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials:(2009) [3] T.
Palmieri, Basalt fibers mechanical properties and applications for concrete structures: proceedings of the international conference on Concrete Solutions (2009) [15] S.E.Artemenko, Polymer Composite Materials Made From Carbon, Basalt, And Glass Fibers: Fiber Chemistry (2003) [16] R.V.
Weber, FRP reinforcement in RC structures, FIB technical report.
Kadykova; Polymer composite materials based on carbon, basalt, and glass fibers; Fiber Chemistry (2008)
Kadykova; Hybrid composite materials; Fiber Chemistry; 2008, pp. 490-492.

The short and long-range atomic and magnetic order in BaFe12-xCoxTixO19 (x=0.4, 0.7, 0.8) and BaFe10.4Sc1.6O19 prepared by soft chemistry routes were studied and compared with parent BaFe12O19 prepared by solid-state reaction.
For x = 0.85, at 10 K a block-type conical magnetic structure sets in.
In the 190 - 1.6 K range we observe a temperature dependent incommensurate complex block-type conical structure.
In the full profile analysis, the crystal structure was refined in the space group P63/mmc and either the collinear (x = 0.45, 0.7) or conical (x= 0.85) ferrimagnetic structures were adopted.
When lowering the temperature the magnetic structure for x=0.45 remains ferrimagnetic down to 10 K, while for x=0.7 and x=0.8 this leads to the establishment of complex conical magnetic structures.

Rheological and interfacial property of nano-Al with HTPB, GAP and PET XU Hui-xiang1，a *,ZHOU Wen-jing2,b,ZHAO Feng-qi1,c,PANG Wei-qiang2，d, SUN Zhi-hua1,e,XU Si-yu1,f,WANG Guo-qiang2,g 1Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory，Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute，Xi’an 710065, China 2Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute，Xi’an 710065, China a xhx204@163.com, bzhwj204@163.com, cnpecc@163.com, dnwpu-pwq@163.com, e szh204@hotmail.com, f13720529444@163.com, g13571984349@163.com Keywords: nano-aluminum; suspension; rheological properties; flow activation energy; surface free energy Abstract.
In this paper, the interaction between nano-Al  and HTPB, GAP, PET were systematically discussed by rheological analysis,  surface -interfacial tension and XPS approach. 1 Test and Methods 1.1 Surface and interfacial chemistry principle  [6] 1.2 1.1.1 Contact angle measurement principle 1.3 When powder sample is filled into the tube, tiny capillaries will be formed among  particles . 
Interfacial tension can also be calculated by formula (9) :    （9） In the formula, ,, is the polar and non-polar component of surface free energy of material A respectively. , is that of material B respectively . 1.2 Preparation of tested materials and sample Nano-aluminum,particle size (d50) is 140 nm, made by Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute.
Properties of Polymers: Their Correlation with Chemical Structure; their Numerical Estimation.

Multilayer metal interconnect structure must be adopted in order to improve the density and electron performance of IC chip, between every which insulation should be applied, called Inter-level dielectric (ILD).
At the present time study of SiO2-CMP mechanism is mainly focused on tribology and fluid dynamics and etc.[4~7], whereas few analyses is focused on intrinsical relationship between chemical reaction, nano-effect and material removal with microcosmic conception of substance based on physical chemistry.
Ye: Colloid chemistry and physical chemistry (China Agriculture Publishing House, China 2004) [13]Y.
Gu, in: Semi-empirical Studies On Hydrolysis Process of TEOS, Journal of Inorganic Chemistry Vol.19, No.12, Dec., 2003 [14]L.