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Introduction The heat(cold) caused by atmospheric temperature may make concrete heat(cold) in the process of pile of raw materials, transportation, into the mold, liquidated, maintenance[1] [2],thus changing the placing temperature of concrete, as a result, the temperature field and the temperature stress of concrete are changed.
Namely, don't consider properties of these materials changes as time. 5) Select the appropriate unit on the basis of different elements type provided by ANSYS.
Acknowledgements Foundation item :The Shanxi Natural Science Funds(2003E205) References [1] Panwu Li,Huimin Li: Journal of Xian technology university In Chinese (2004),p.38-40 [2] Bofang Zhu: Control of Mass Concrete Temperature stress and Temperature In Chinese (China Electric Power Press,Beijing 1999)

Keyhole Modeling during Laser Deep Penetration Welding Renping Wang, Yongping Lei and Yaowu Shi School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China wrp520@gmail.com Keywords: Laser welding, keyhole, free surface, numerical simulation.
Introduction Keyholes are a quite unique phenomenon observed in high power density material processes such as laser deep penetration welding.
Negro, "A study of the effect of multiple reflections on the shape of the keyhole in the laser processing of materials", J.Phys.
Mordike, "CO2 laser beam welding of magnesium-based alloys", Welding Journal, Vol. 77, 1998, p.149s-154s

Jayakumar1 1Thin film Centre, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India 2Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India e-mail: saha.arul08@gmail.com, rkarul@yahoo.com Keywords: CuInGaSe2, CIGS, Hot wall deposition, Direct melting method, Cu-chalcopyrite, Low cost absorber layer Abstract.
It belongs to the group I-III-VI2 semiconducting optoelectronic material and possesses chalcopyrite structure.
Transmittance spectra of hot wall deposited CIGS thin films Conclusions CuInGaSe2 thin films have been deposited onto a glass substrates by hot wall deposition technique first time using the bulk material.
,Journal of Physics and chemistry of Solids. 69. (2008) 330-334
[4] M.Venkatachalam, M.D.Kannan,S.Jayakumar et al CuGaxIn1-xSe2 thin films prepared by electron beam evaporation, Solar Energy materials & Solar cells 92 (2008) 571-575

These structures, referred to as multimorphs, consist in general of thin layers of piezoelectric, dielectric, conductor and elastic materials.
(5) Substitute eq.4 into eq.5, and in view of different materials in bimorph, the above formula will be changed as the following one
Acknowledgement All the research works were supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo of China under granted No. 2010A610129.
Fan: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition), Vol. 20(2007) No.2, pp.73-76 [4] L.T.

China 2 College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R.
) 118.2(16) C(9)-N(2)-Eu(1) 120.8(14) C(1)-O(1)-Eu(1) 125.3(14) C(7)-O(3)-Eu(1) 124.9(15) C(7)-O(4)-H(4) 109.5 C(8)-O(5)-Eu(1) 124.7(14) C(8)-O(6)-Eu(1)#2 146.3(15) C(14)-O(7)-Eu(1) 124.7(16) Eu(1)-O(9)-H(9C) 117.1 Eu(1)-O(9)-H(9D) 134.3 H(9C)-O(9)-H(9D) 108.0 Eu(1)-O(10)-H(10C) 138.8 Eu(1)-O(10)-H(10D) 112.5 N(2)-C(9)-C(10) 121(2) N(2)-C(9)-C(8) 115(2) N(2)-C(13)-C(12) 124(2) N(2)-C(13)-C(14) 115(2) O(8)-C(14)-O(7) 127(2) _____________________________________________________________ Acknowledgments This study were supported by the Natural Science
ZR2010BL025), Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (No. sklssm201323)(Jilin University), State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry (No. 2011-13)(Jilin University).
Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 63(2010), 2360–2369.

During the transformations from austenite to martensite and from martensite to austenite, or (7a) and (7b) where CM, CA, and , are material constants describing the relationship between phase transformation critical stresses and temperature.
Table 1 Material constants of SMA used for numerical simulations Ms / oC Mf / oC σcrs / Mpa σcrf / Mpa CM / Mpa/oC 18.0 9.0 100.0 170.0 8.0 Fig. 3 shows the phase transformation zone around the circular hole under different conditions of applied stress at the same temperature of 20oC.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51102059), the Major Project Cultivation Plan of Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China (HEUCFZ1004), the Harbin Talent Foundation of Scientific and Technical Innovation (RC2009QN017046) and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China (HEUCF110202, HEUCF110204).
Birman: International Journal of Solids and Structure, Vol. 36 (1999), p.167 [6] B.
Yoon: Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 324-325 (2006), p.335 [7] L.C.

Residual stress of ZrO2 is the highest in the three kinds of ceramic materials.
The sensitive nature of residual stress affected by materials is higher than that of grinding condition.
Therefore, it is very important for choosing ceramic materials before machining
The sensitive-nature of residual stress affected by materials is higher than that of grinding condition.
Jinchuan: Advanced Cutting and Grinding Technologies of Brittle Materials (Oxford Science Press, U.S. 1996)

Reagents and Materials.
Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR): an analytical technique used to identify organic (and in some cases inorganic) materials.
Olaru, “Electromechanical response of silicone dielectric elastomers,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Sep. 2016, vol. 147, no.1. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/147/1/012057
Phisalaphong, “Development and characterization of bacterial cellulose reinforced with natural rubber,” Materials, vol. 12, no. 14, 2019, doi: 10.3390/ma12142323
Suo, “Stretchable materials of high toughness and low hysteresis,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 116, no. 13, pp. 5967–5972, 2019, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821420116

Currently the SFA is widely adopted in analyzing the national cycle of materials, urban material metabolism and nutrient metabolism analysis in a certain valley, and mostly in larger scale and less in smaller scale (i.e. in industrial park or ecological sensitive area, etc.), especially rare in a certain industry or manufacturer.
Arsenic and mercury, and the substance flows within industries such as chemical engineering and forestry; the other is bulk material flow analysis (bulk-MFA), which mainly studies the substance input and output of the national economy system[4], with its focus on the mixtures and bulk materials.
[2] Lina WANG, Yu QUAN, Wang SU, et al.: Journal of Liaoning University of Technology(Social Science Edition),Vol.12(2010),p.24-27, in Chinese
(Science Press, Beijing 2009), in Chinese
[8] Zhongwu Lu: Engineering Science, Vol.8(2006),p.18-25,in Chinese

Test materials and mixture ratio Test Materials Selection of materials: Portland cement, PⅡ42.5R.
Table1 Mixing proportion of materials Serial No.
[5] Hertz K.D.: Fire Safety Journal, Vol.38 (2003), p103
R. and Tien-chih Wang: ASCE, Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol.16, No.1 (2004), p. 84
Ferreira: Construction and Building Materials, Vol.20, No.10 (2006), p.888