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To insure a safe design, environmental reduction factors (ERF) have been incorporated in ACI 440.1R-06 design guideline to account for the GFRP long-term durability [4].
Recent study on long-term performance prediction of GFRP bars embedded in moist concrete under approx. 20 % sustained loads shows a significant reduction in GFRP tensile strength, especially under elevated temperatures [2].
However, this issue is still unclear due to insufficient data on combined weathering and applied stress [4].
- For the application to bridge deck, current environmental reduction factor in ACI 440 could be considered as applicable
[6] Huang, J. and Aboutaha, R., “Environmental Reduction Factors for GFRP Bars Used as Concrete Reinforcement: New Scientific Approach,” J. of Composites for Construction, ASCE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 (2010), p.479-486

The obvious advantage is that light-metal components lead to an overall weight reductions and, thus, reduced energy consumption [1-3].
Reduction of gas and shrinkage porosities: it has been shown that gas solubility in the melt increases under an applied pressure [12].
Thus, the increasing of the strength with increasing pressure, up to 20 MPa , seems to be a consequence of the reduction in the microspore size and/or virtual elimination of porosities as well as the highest tensile strength of the 40 MPa squeeze cast sample can be also due to the reduced grain size and smaller SDA.
Salas [14] suggested that the secondary dendritic arm (DAS) of Al-3,94,5Cu alloys varies with cooling rate according to:       = • T DAS 60 (1) Using this equation and the SDA data showed in Fig. 3, the cooling rates of the samples processed in the present work can be calculated.
Squeeze casting of Al-7%Mg alloy caused reduction in dendritic arm spacing and therefore decreased the porosity and macrosegregation and increased the tensile properties of the cast alloy.

Selective catalytic reduction (Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR) technology has the advantages of high safety, good fuel economy, low sensitivity to sulfur in fuel oil, is an effective method to reduce the NOx emission of diesel engine[3-4].
Metering device is at a constant pressure feeding urea solution, aqueous urea solution injection and stop by metering device is opened and closed to control, electronic control unit and engine controller ECU communication, acquisition of diesel engine running state information (speed and torque), according to the pre calibration of various pulse good spectrum, real-time SCR system calculation of diesel engine working condition of urea injection amount, so that the components of NOx diesel engine exhaust in precise reduction to urea injection for precise control.
Among them, (3) as the main reaction in catalytic converter, all of the catalytic reduction were surface reaction process, uniform distribution, ammonia in catalytic converter of sufficient reaction time, temperature and reaction area is the key to improve the NOx conversion efficiency.
The temperature conditions required for NOx reduction. 2 Bench test research The main test equipment including: AMA4000 gas analyzers, PSE2000 particle analyzer, AVL415S smoke meter, AVL PUMA Open1.2.1 control system and AFA_T490 dynamometer etc.
The main emission data in the original ESC, ETC test cycle as shown in Figure 1, Figure2.

This work targets the reduction of the absolute value of Vth for SiC PMOS transistors, which were analyzed using five different methods.
Sheet resistance has been monitored across all wafers on 49 data points after both annealing steps.
To calculate Vth for each data set, literature provides numerous different methods based on Si [9].
Table 2: Threshold voltages of the experimental data evaluated by five different methods according to Ortiz-Conde et al. [9].
Further data from additional devices including variations in channel width and length are required to gather more precise statistics.

During this period, the ecological capacity per capita had decreased from 1.3535 hm2/cap to 1.3028 hm2/cap, the reduction of ecological capacity per capita was 0.0507 hm2/cap, the reduction rate was 3.75%, the average annual reduction rate was 0.31%.
Prediction of ef, ec and ed Applicating grey prediction model and according to the data of ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita in Jilin province from 1998 to 2010, we establish the gray prediction model [GM (1, 1)].
GM (1, 1) model is composed of first-order differential equations of a single variable, which has fewer restrictions on data requirements and has high-precision in the short-term forecasting.
On the basis of the historical data, the prediction model functions of ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity are as follows (4) and (5).
The reduction of ecological capacity per capita was 0.0507 hm2/cap, the reduction rate was 3.75%.

The impedance spectroscopy data suggest that carrier transport mechanism might change after the plasma exposition.
Table 1 shows the results from the simulated data before and after to the plasma exposition.
The results from simulated data show a decreasing on surface resistance of about 95 % after the plasma treatment, which are in agreement with the film reduction.
Table 1 - Data from the simulation of model equivalent electrical circuit.
For porous films these values should change due to bulk reduction.

All information necessary to create NC data, such as tool orientation, tooling and cutting conditions are generated.
Model conversion section which converts entered STL format die profile data into original data format. 2.
An actual tooling generation section which automatically generates tooling from tool and holder geometrical data. 5.
Machining database section which registers cutting conditions data.
Step 3: Generation of non-interfering, high efficiency tooling From tool and holder data, the optimal tooling with the highest rigidity and no workpiece interference is selected for the selected tool orientation.

According to s SEM data, the exposed particles retained their spherical shape.
Results and Discussion As per SEM data, the examined powder is presented by spherical particles (average size 90 nm), built up into 4-5 mm aggregates.
As per X-ray phase analysis data, the metallic aluminum content in the dried sample was not more than 6 %wt, the balance was gibbsite Al(OH)3.
Tables 2 and 3 present the data on the composition and dispersion of dried samples after interaction with physiological solutions.
SEM-images and X-ray data were provided by Edgar Dvilis and Artem Kachaev, Nano-Centre of Tomsk Polytechnic University.

Driven by a generator of mechanical harmonic wave the rollers of the binary row roller chain mesh with the teeth contour of the two inner gears which realizes reduction in small teeth difference and zero-tooth-difference synchronous output.
Driven by a generator of mechanical harmonic wave the rollers of the binary row roller chain mesh with the teeth contour of the two inner gears which realizes reduction in small teeth difference and zero-tooth-difference synchronous output.
Part of the experimental data (see Table 1) show that the harmonic drive mechanism works correctly, transmission feasible, with the input power increases, significantly improved the efficiency of the prototype.
Table 1 Part of the original data Summary A new type of harmonic speed reducer with roller chain drive was developed in this paper.

The collected data was then imported into MATLAB where in-house code was written to view and calculate microstructural parameters from the data.
Data was also collected for six and ten cycles as well as corresponding sized maps oriented along the rolling direction; however, these are not shown here for space reasons.
For comparative purposes equivalent data after ECAE is presented by the curves marked by square data points.
Contrary to the data presented in Fig. 2 the mean boundary spacings are an average of both directions parallel to the previous deformation and normal directions.
Bearing the above in mind, it can be seen from the data in Fig. 2 that the HAB scale of the ARB microstructure is finer than that of the ECAE material, especially in ND.