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On-machine profile measuring system for grinding surface of aspheric lens Xiangyang Lei 1, a, Hao Huang 1,b, Feng Yang 2,c, Xianhua Chen1,d and Qiao Xu1,e 1 Chengdu Fine Optical Engineering Research Center, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China 2 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R.China aleixiangyang@163.com, bhaohuanghot@gmail.com, cyangfeng_12@126.com, dchenmail2@163.com, exuqiao@vip.sina.com Keywords: aspheric lens, grinding, surface form error, on-machine measurement.
Otherwise, the polishing process of low material removal capacity will increase the processing time by several times, which is used to the finishing polish to meet the final accuracy of the parts [7, 8].
Therefore, the key to obtain high quality aspheric is whether to get reliable and effective testing result which can be used as the guide for processing.
Weight factor is mainly used for precise surface analysis and modification of the surface’s shape in engineering.
China Mechanical Engineering.

Risk Ranking of Malaysian Public Private Partnership Projects Hadi Sarvari1,a, Alireza Valipuor1,b, Nordin Yahaya1,c and Norhazilan Md Noor1,d 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM, Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia ashadi7@live.utm.my, bvalireza2@live.utm.my, cnordiny@utm.my, dnorhazilan@utm.my Keywords: Risk identification, Risk assessment, Risk ranking, PPP, Malaysia.
According to the risk relative importance values, those ranked one, or extreme risk levels (out of 51 risk items), are assumed to be appropriate to represent the key risks.
Yeung, “Developing a fuzzy risk allocation model for PPP projects in China”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136 (2010) 894-903
Zhang, “Paving the Way for Public–Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, (2005)
Kangari, “Risk perception and tendering in construction project”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 121(1995) 422–429.

The joint design is one of the key parts of the frame structure design; meanwhile, it is also the difficulty of construction.
China Civil Engineering Journal. 2009, 42(6): 14-21
Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2000, 32(2): 24-48
The Structural Engineer. 1969, 47(5):187-195
The Structural Engineer. 1989, 67: 345-353

Kinetics comparison of alkali-reactivity tests for aggregates GONZALEZ, Luis Mayor 1a*, SANTOS SILVA, António 2b, JALALI, Said 1c 1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal 2 Materials Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Lisboa, Portugal a lmgonzalez@mail.telepac.pt,b ssilva@lnec.pt, c said@civil.uminho.pt *Correspondence to: lmgonzalez@mail.telepac.pt Keywords: Expansion tests, reactivity, alkali-silica reaction, aggregates.
The extension of service life allows savings in raw materials and energy, improvement of the investment economics and, in the long term, lower investment requirements.
References [1] Bektas, F., Topal, T., Goncuoglu, M.C., Turanli, L., “Evaluation of the alkali reactivity of cherts from Turkey”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 22, 2008, pp. 1183-90
[37] Levenspiel, O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, ed.
[40] Chak, Y.H., Chan, Y.C., “The 2004 Review on Prevention of Alkali Silica Reaction in Concrete”, GEO REPORT Nº. 167, (2nd Ed, 2008), Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and Development Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Okoh2,b, Kafayat Adeyemi3,c 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 2Mechanical Engineering Department, Michiggan Technological University, MI, USA 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria achibuzor.ikwuagwu@unn.edu.ng, biokoh@mtu.edu, ckafayat.adeyemi@uniabuja.edu.ng Keywords: Drying kinetics, Irish potato, Arduino control, Convective heat dryer, Moisture removal, Diffusion.
This project is particularly beneficial for agricultural applications, laboratory settings, and industrial processes requiring the careful drying of various materials.
Key benefits of this approach are precision control, energy efficiency and user customization.
Literature Review Drying has been a relevant means for preserving food and other materials for thousands of years.
Materials and Methods On the basis of material features such as economic consideration, material availability, environmental impacts, and processing properties, the following materials were selected for the construction of the proposed dryer.

Crack Formation and Propagation Mechanism in the Punching Process of High Tensile Strength Steel Sheet Takehiro Okano1,a*,Kota Sakumoto1,b, Kazuhiko Yamazaki2,c, ShunsukeToyoda2,d and Shinsuke Suzuki1,e 1Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo, Japan 2Steel Research Laboratory, JFE Steel Corporation.,1-1 MinamiwataridachoKawasaki Kanagawa, Japan at.okano@fuji.waseda.jp,bkoota-sakumoto@ruri.waseda.jp, c k-yamazaki@jfe-steel.co.jp, ds-toyoda@jfe-steel.co.jp, esuzuki-s@waseda.jp Keywords: High Tensile Steel Sheet, Punching, Center Segregation, Crack, Ti Precipitate.
Tensile test for measurement of material properties Tensile tests were conducted following JIS Z 2241 [4].
Enomoto (Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda Univ.)for the technical support of EPMA analyses,EBSD analyses and TEM/EDS analyses.
Suzuki, Improvement in punching properties of high tensile strength steel sheet by heat-treatments for reduction of center segregation, Key Eng.
[4] Japanese industrial standards committee, JIS Z 2241 Metallic materials-Tensile testing-Method of test at room temperature, Japanese standards association, Tokyo, 2008

Masahiko, Research and development of low-cost titanium alloys for biomedical applications, Key Eng.
Ding, Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications, Mat.
Moiseyev, Titanium alloys, Taylor and Francis Editor, 2006 [8] SAE AMS 2488D, Aerospace Material Specification, 2006 [9] T.M.
Science: Materials in Medicine, 3 (1992) 408-412 [12] V.S.
Alberktsson, The electrochemical oxide growth behavior on titanium in acid and alkaline electrolytes, Medical Engineering & Physics, 23 (2001) 329-246

The feasibility of using the same kind of transducers for sensing and actuation, as in the case of piezoelectric materials enables the choice of an active approach.
First International Forum on Integrated System Health Engineering and Management in Aerospace; USA. 2005 [4] H.
[7] Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Enivormental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests.
Experiment, Smart Materials and Structures, 7:704-719, 1998 [12] A.
[25] P.H de Jong, Power Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Materials.

Elrefaie1,e 1Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt 2Powder Technology Division, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Helwan, Egypt a*lamiaa.zaky@cu.edu.rg, bo.alkady68@gmail.com, cm.mohsen.lotfy@gmail.com, dhafiz@eng.cu.edu.eg, efawzielrefaie49@gmail.com Keywords: Ni-Cr Alloys; Powder Metallurgy; Particles Mix Compaction; Apparent Density; Microstructure; Microhardness; Sintering Abstract.
These materials have a potential to be used at high temperature mainly because of their high oxidation resistance.
Nickel-chromium composites are used as a self-lubricant material for the aerospace technology [2].
Bergman, Key aspects of sintering powder metallurgy steel prealloyed with chromium and manganese.
Imam, Effect of annealing twins on Hall-Petch relation in polycrystalline materials, Mater Sci Eng A, 367 (2004) 171-175 [30] F.J.

Thus, formulating of the evaluation criteria, identifying their key role and the value functions for the purposes of frames optimization, cannot be done without taking into consideration the information collected during the initial-stages of the design and manufacturing process (Table 1).
Assessment of structural solution in the respect of economic worthiness requires the determination of production costs (material costs and overall production costs).
The value or worthiness of design variants of the frames is determined automatically without the participation of the design engineer.
Table 3: Partial criteria with weights attributed to them Evaluation criteria Parameter Weight wi Unit Value function c 1 Average stiffness towards x axle Stiffness coefficient towards x axle 0,2(3) kN/mm increasing c 2 Stiffness arrangement towards x axle Standard stiffness deviation (x axle) 0,1 kN/mm decreasing c 3 Average stiffness towards y axle Stiffness coefficient towards y axle 0,2(3) kN/mm increasing c 4 Stiffness arrangement towards y axle Standard stiffness deviation (y axle) 0,1 kN/mm decreasing c 5 Average stiffness towards z axle Stiffness coefficient towards z axle 0,2(3) kN/mm increasing c 6 Stiffness arrangement towards z axle Standard stiffness deviation (z axle) 0,1 kN/mm decreasing - - c 7 Cost of material for the frame Frame weight 1 kg decreasing - - The best variant obtained in the course of optimization displays lower average stiffness in relation to the initial model (Table 4).
Kosmol: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Application of Ar-tificial Intelligence to Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, St.