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Computation formula is as follows: （1） In it, is average cost of production material, equal to all expenses in purchasing production materials; is elastic modulus, ; is error coefficient; Poisson's ratio of material cost.
Acknowledgment This research was supported by the Social Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Education Office(Grant No. 12534097), the Social Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Education Office(Grant No. 12522283),the Social Science Foundation of Jiamusi University(Grant No.
W2012-034, the National Science Foundation of Jiamusi University(Grant No.
L2012-074）, the National Science Foundation of Jiamusi City(Grant No. 12004), all support is gratefully acknowledged.
IEEE Journal of Solid Circuits, 2005, 4(40): 838-845

Materials and methods Experimental equipments.
Acknowledgment This research was funded by the following projects: National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.50508042), Key Disciplines Funded Project (Phase III) of Liaoning University 211 Project, and Youth Science Research Foundation of Liaoning University(NO. 2010LDQN09).
References [1] Adelaida Cabeza,Ane Urtiaga,Mar´ıa-Jos´e Rivero,et al.Ammonium removal from landfill leachate by anodic oxidation[J].Journal of hazardous materials ,2007,144:715-719
Environmental science and management,2006,31 (5):125-128
Beijing :Environment Science Press, 1992, 252-279.

Test materials and methods Test materials.
Beijing: Science Press, 2008
[2] Xiang-Ling Zhang: Doctoral Dissertation of Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.
[4] Zhang XiangLing, et al: Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(5): 1905-1910
[7] Dong-Hai Yuan, Li-Jie Jing: Environmental science. 2005, 26(1):51-55.

Microstructure and oxidation behavior of Molybdenum disilicide coating prepared by air plasma sprayed Jianhui Yana, Siwen Tangb and Jianguang Xuc Advanced Materials Synthesis and Applied Technology Laboratory, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China ayanjianhui88@163.com, bsiw_tang@126.com, cjgxu@163.com Keywords: Air plasma sprayed; Molybdenum disilicide; Microstructure; Oxidation Abstract.
Experimental Materials and coating preparation.
The following elemental materials are used in this study:99.9% pure Mo (2–4 μm) and 99.5% pure Si (<43 μm) powders.
Oxidation of thermally sprayed materials can significant influenced the phase composition, microstructure, properties and therefore performance of sprayed coatings.
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metal, Vol. 16(2006), p. 1028

Box 455 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon 5Department of Computer Science, Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis, P.O.
In the experiment, the organic material is placed in locations representing the different cities of the country, and the initial body of the physarum polycephalum represents the city of Tokyo.
Nakagaki, "Rules for biologically inspired adaptive network design," Science, vol. 327, no. 5964, pp. 439-442, 2010
Deng, "Route selection for emergency logistics management: A bio-inspired algorithm," Safety science, vol. 54, pp. 87-91, 2013
International journal of unconventional Computing, vol. 6, no. 2, 2010

Therefore, incorporating additional materials into a single part is a promising pathway to achieving a greater variety in functionality [2].
Scheil simulations can be used to predict solidification cracking in materials in several ways.
Ramamurty, "Solidification in metal additive manufacturing: challenges, solutions, and opportunities," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 148, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101361
Reichardt et al., "Advances in additive manufacturing of metal-based functionally graded materials," (in English), International Materials Reviews, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1-29, Jan 2 2021, doi: 10.1080/09506608.2019.1709354
Eliseeva et al., "Functionally Graded Materials through robotics-inspired path planning," (in English), Materials & Design, vol. 182, Nov 15 2019, doi: ARTN 107975 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107975

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can penetrate into the pores of solid materials more effectively than techniques based upon liquid solvents, so it enables a much faster mass transfer, resulting in faster extractions (Tura et al., 2002; Zhou, 2004).
Materials and method 2.1.
European Journal of Cancer, 41(4), 647-654 [2] Boye, J.
Food Science.
Food Science, 28(1), 111-116 [4] Jenkins, D.

The substrate materials were Si and high speed steel sheets.
Acknowledgement This work had been supported by the Provincial Key Science and Technology R&D Program of Guangdong under project № 2006A11002001 and the Civic Key Science and Technology R&D Program of Guangzhou under project № 2005Z3-D2061, № 2006Z2-D0131 and № 2006Z3-D0281 and the Natural Science Foundation of China under project № 50771045.
References [1] Vieira R A, Nono M C: Advanced Powder Technology Vol. 498-499 (2005), p.717 [2] Ono T, Uemura M, Yatsuzuka M: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms.
Vol. 257 (2007), p.786 [3] Mendibide C, Steyer P, Fontaine J, et al: Surface & Coatings Technology Vol. 201 (2006), p.4119 [4] Dobrzanski L A, Polok M, Panjan P, et al: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
[6] Leu M S, Chen B F, Chen S Y, et al: Surface & Coatings Technology Vol. 133 (2000), p.319 [7] Shi Z B, Tong H H, Liu X B, et al: Plasma Science & Technology Vol. 6 (2004), p.2581 [8] Cimenoglu H: Wear Vol. 210 (1997), p.204 [9] Minevich A A: Surface & coatings technology Vol. 53 (1992) p.161 [10] Zhang S, Sun D, Fu Y, et al: Thin Solid Films Vol. 447-448 (2004), p.462 MF MFAIP AIP Lower critical load Lc1 [N] 5.236 2.039 3.318 Higher critical load Lc2 [N] 9.376 7.079 5.975 CPRs=Lc1(Lc2- Lc1) 21.677 10.277 8.816

The structure of meat analogs depends on production conditions and material components[8].
Materials and methods Materials Soy protein isolate (SPI) was obtained from Harbin High Tech (Group) CO.LTD. ( Harbin, China); Wheat gluten was provided by Grain Protein Factory in Fufeng county (Fufeng, China); Soybean residue was made in our laboratory, the procedure is as following: soybeans were soaked in the water(1:9) for 14h, then obtained soybean residue by grinding for 3min with a Jiuyang blender and filter with 100 mesh sieve.
Hulya A[13] reported that higher torque during high moisture extrusion from rice starch than those were reported in this report, it probably due to difference in materials.
The high-moisture extruder and technique were provided by Dr, Tie-min XIE along with his group in Food processing Institute Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 90 (2009), p. 262-270

Materials and methods Cell culture Human L-02 liver cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection（ATCC）.Cells were routinely maintained in DMEM high glucose culture medium (Gibco), supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco) and antibiotics (50U/ml of penicillin and 50μg/ml streptomycin, ,Gibco) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5%CO2.
Materials The strain of G. frondosa resource was supported by Strain Preservation Center of Tianjin University of Science & Technology.
GFP-2 had a more prominent protective effect on liver cells than other components by using the less materials and operating the less time.
References [1] Figlas, Débora, Micaela O., and Néstor C., Bioaccumulation and bioavailability of copper and zinc on mineral-enriched mycelium of Grifola frondosa, Journal of Medicinal Food, 13(2010) 469-475 [2] Ohno N, Adachi Y, et al.
Chem., 265 (1990) 8392-8399 [5] Lee, J.S., Kim, H.S.Hepatoprotective effect of Grifola frondosa water extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats, Food science and technology, vol. 17(1) 203-207 [6] Eun W L, Puming HE.Suppression of D-Galactosamine-induced Liver Injury by Mushrooms in Rats Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, vol. 64(2000) 2001-2004