Paper Titles
Application of Bi-Modal Milling Process to Fabricate Harmonic Structure Materials
p.55
Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Martensitic Steels for Automotive Structural Parts
p.63
Formulation and Characterization of Stainless Steel-Based Feedstocks for Fused Deposition Modeling: Effects of Binder Composition on Rheology, Printability, Physical, and Mechanical Properties
p.69
Laser Surface Hardening of AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Using Different Laser Sources
p.77
Effect of Intercritical Annealing Temperature to Mechanical Performance of Hot-Rolled Medium Manganese Steel
p.83
Research on the Microstructural Evolution of Injection Molded AZ91 and Ultralight LAZ561Ca Magnesium Alloys during Solidification and Heat Treatment: Multiscale Characterizations and Multiphase Field Modeling
p.89
Thermomechanical Rolling of Air-Cooled Thick Nb-Ti-V-Ni High Strength Structural Plate
p.95
Thermodynamics of Bimetallic Joints between Titanium and Tantalum Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
p.101
Fabrication and Bonding Properties of Joints Formed by Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding Using Electroplated Films
p.107

Thermodynamics of Bimetallic Joints between Titanium and Tantalum Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Article Preview

Abstract:

Laser powder bed fusion (LBPF) is currently the most mature metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology. While it does not have the same flexibility as directed energy deposition techniques to produce compositional gradients, LPBF can still be used to generate bimetallic parts by depositing one metal on a build plate made of another. Here, we print combinations of Ti-6Al-4V with Ta and characterize defects that occur at the interface. We use thermodynamic modeling to explain the formation of keyhole porosity and solidification cracks when Ta is built on a Ti baseplate, and the lack of defects when the materials are reversed. By understanding the mechanisms that lead to defect formation, the methodology demonstrated here can be applied to other material systems to efficiently design bimetallic LPBF processes.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Metal Processing View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1174)

Pages:

101-106

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-GFi4M6

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

January 2026

Authors:

Bernard Gaskey*, Robin Montoya, Michael Brand, Rose A. Bloom, John S. Carpenter

Keywords:

Additive Manufacturing, Dissimilar Metals, Microstructure, Tantalum, Titanium

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] S. Chandra, J. Radhakrishnan, S. Huang, S. Wei, and U. Ramamurty, "Solidification in metal additive manufacturing: challenges, solutions, and opportunities," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 148, 2025.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101361

Google Scholar

[2] A. Reichardt et al., "Advances in additive manufacturing of metal-based functionally graded materials," (in English), International Materials Reviews, vol. 66, no. 1, pp.1-29, Jan 2 2021.

DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2019.1709354

Google Scholar

[3] O. V. Eliseeva et al., "Functionally Graded Materials through robotics-inspired path planning," (in English), Materials & Design, vol. 182, Nov 15 2019, doi: ARTN 107975.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107975

Google Scholar

[4] Y. Wen et al., "Laser powder bed fusion of compositionally graded CoCrMo-Inconel 718," Additive Manufacturing, vol. 40, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2021.101926

Google Scholar

[5] T. Kirk, R. Malak, and R. Arroyave, "Computational Design of Compositionally Graded Alloys for Property Monotonicity," (in English), Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 143, no. 3, Mar 1 2021, doi: Artn 031704.

DOI: 10.1115/1.4048627

Google Scholar

[6] C. L. Tan, K. S. Zhou, W. Y. Ma, and L. Min, "Interfacial characteristic and mechanical performance of maraging steel-copper functional bimetal produced by selective laser melting based hybrid manufacture," (in English), Materials & Design, vol. 155, pp.77-85, Oct 5 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.05.064

Google Scholar

[7] A. M. Beese and B. E. Carroll, "Review of Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Made by Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Using Powder Feedstock," Jom, vol. 68, no. 3, pp.724-734, 2015.

DOI: 10.1007/s11837-015-1759-z

Google Scholar

[8] V. Livescu, C. M. Knapp, G. T. Gray, R. M. Martinez, B. M. Morrow, and B. G. Ndefru, "Additively manufactured tantalum microstructures," (in English), Materialia, vol. 1, pp.15-24, Sep 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2018.06.007

Google Scholar

[9] C. Lesko, J. Walker, J. Middendorf, and J. Gockel, "Functionally Graded Titanium-Tantalum in the Horizontal Direction Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing," (in English), Jom, vol. 73, no. 10, pp.2878-2884, Oct 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s11837-021-04811-x

Google Scholar

[10] S. Huang, S. L. Sing, G. de Looze, R. Wilson, and W. Y. Yeong, "Laser powder bed fusion of titanium-tantalum alloys: Compositions and designs for biomedical applications," J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, vol. 108, p.103775, Aug 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103775

Google Scholar

[11] S. Kou, "A criterion for cracking during solidification," (in English), Acta Materialia, vol. 88, pp.366-374, Apr 15 2015.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.034

Google Scholar