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This technique has also been used to set structural health monitoring systems in civil and aerospace engineering [5–7].
Highly durable materials are used to package and to protect bare OF sensors against the poor shear resistance of bare OFs, which have long working lives and a strong capability to survive disasters [8–9].
Song, “Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering”, Engineering Structures, vol.26, no.11, pp.1647-1657, 2004
Hayashi, “Distributed optic fiber sensing for a full-scale pc girder strengthened with prestressed PBO sheets”, Engineering Structures, vol.28, no.7, pp.1049-1059, 2006
Ou, “Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Packaged Optical Fiber Sensors based on Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis”, Optical Engineering, vol.47, no.014401, pp.1-10, 2008

Hybrid Structural Systems of An Active Building Envelope System(ABE) Borjang Tsai1,a，Koodavid Huang2,b and Chienho Lee1,c 1,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Hua University, No.707, Sec.2, Wu Fu Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan 300,China,TEL：886-3-5186478 FAX：886-3-5186521 2Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology,1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E.
Madsen: Optimization method for wind turbine rotors, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 80 191-206. (1999) [4] A.
Wood: The starting and low wind speed behavior of a small horizontal axis wind turbine, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 92, 1265–1279. (2004) [5] J.
Epaarachchi and Clausen: The development of a fatigue loading spectrum for small wind turbine blades, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 94, 207–223. (2006) [6] B.
Huang: A Swiss-Roll Recuperator for the Microturbine Engine, Applied Thermal Engineering. (2007) [7] J.

These standards with referenced documents provide comprehensive information which include materials specification, design procedures, constructions essential and testing methods.
The testing methods which include both for materials and the composite slabs system itself are used to evaluate the performance for application in the construction industries.
Experimental Program Material Description and Samples Preparation.
This shows in the other part of the C-channel where plastic buckling did not occur, the materials still behave elastically and are not totally deform by the failure load application.
More area will be encompassed in the tensile stress which has made the steel decks be more effective as ductile materials for the structure system.

Ribeaux2 School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and Management, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK, 1 nick.warrior@nottingham.ac.uk, 2 eaxmr@gwmail.nottingham.ac.uk Keywords: Composite, Energy Absorption, Damage, Crashworthiness, Experimental.
Fernie [5] showed that, for this material, the ultimate tensile and compressive stresses increased by 115% and 26% at the rate of 5ms -1.
Secondary effects, such as inertia and material damping would also tend to localise the material failure at the crush zone away from the damage under dynamic conditions.
Key Eng.
[5] Fernie, R. and Warrior, N.A. (2002) Impact Test Rigs for High Strain Rate Tensile and Compressive Testing of Composite Materials.

The g-C3N4 Nanosheets Separated by PS for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Qingbo Yu1,a*, Songhui Fang2,b and Xiaoze Wang3,c 1,2,3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, P.
Experimental Materials.
Result and Discussion It is well known that the hydrophilicity of particles play a key role in Pickering emulsions.
The photocatalytic performance of these g-C3N4-containing materials for degrading MB was evaluated under visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm), as shown in Figure 8a.
This unexpected behavior can be understood by considering factors influencing photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4-containing materials.

Effect of Temperature on Slow Pyrolysis of Pellets from Solid Waste of Sugar Palm Flour Industry for Bio-Oil Production Wusana Agung Wibowoa, Margono Margonob, Ari Diana Susantic, Amelia Anggita Cahyani Putrid, Muhammad Fiqry Maulana Akbare, Nabila Alifiani Azharf, Sulistyo Nurhudag Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.
Materials and Methods The raw material utilized in this study was solid waste generated by the sugar palm flour industry located in Daleman Village, Tulung District, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
The pellets produced were then used as raw materials for pyrolysis to produce bio-oil.
‘Izzah, Effect of pyrolysis temperature and biomass composition on bio-oil characteristics, Ecological Engineering & Amp; Environmental Technology, 25(3) (2024) 264-274
Jurnal Serambi Engineering, 8(1) (2023) 4760-4771

Effect of incubation time on deposition behavior of Ruthenium films by MOCVD using (2,4-Dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl)Ruthenium Masaki Hirano 1 , Kazuhisa Kawano 1 and Hiroshi Funakubo 1 1 Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo institute of Technology, J2-1508, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan Keywords: (2,4-Dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl)Ruthenium, MOCVD, Ruthenium, Thin films, ABSTRACT The deposition mechanism of metal-Ru films including incubation time was investigated for Ru films prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition from (2,4-Dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl)Ruthenium (DER) - O2 system.
I*TRODUCTIO* Ru film has been widely investigated as a promising electrode material for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) gate electrode because of its high work function value of 5.0 eV and good dry etching properties [1].
This result suggests that the deposition with the short incubation time is a key point to make thin films with full cover and good surface flatness.

Materials Characterization The materials used in this study were: -Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (BFS) is sourced from an iron and steel factory located in the Helwan area of Egypt.
The key conclusions drawn from this finding are as follows: 1.
Radojevi´c, Aplitic granite waste as raw material for the production of outdoor ceramic floor tiles, Materials 15 (9) (2022) 3145, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093145
Sayed, Physicochemical characteristics of cementitious building materials derived from industrial solid wastes, Constr.
Engineer.138, (2018) 25 409-416 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.071 [49] Y.L.

It involves green design of products, the use of environmentally friendly raw materials, eco-friendly packing and distribution and re-use after the product’s end of life.
It has been defined as an economically-driven, a system-wide and an integrated approach with the purpose to reduce and eliminate all waste streams associated with the design, manufacture, use and/or disposal of products and materials [2].
Also, the example of the United States’ green initiatives is the Paint and Coatings Columbia, which reduces 6804 kg of solid waste, saves 8165 kg of packaging materials and eliminates 1280 kg of hazardous materials.
One of the key features of the device is the biomass boiler.
International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Manager, Vol.13, pp.45-53, 2017

These materials also have high resistivity, which prevents eddy currents, another source of energy losses [7].
Materials and Method Materials.The metal salts used in this synthesis process were zinc nitrate hexahydrate [mol. wt. = 297.47, 99.98% pure], nickel nitrate hexahydrate [mol. wt. = 290.81, 99.95% pure], and iron nitrate nonahydrate [mol. wt. = 404, 99.99% pure].
All the materials were procured from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purifications.
Synthesis Method.The key step in the synthesis process is to control the growth of the nanoparticles in the reaction solution by encapsulation in the polymer micelles, previously reported by Biswas and Ram [14].
Jin, Effect of Cu substitution on Ni-Zn ferrite by microwave hydrothermal method,Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE) (2011) May 10-12; Wuhan, China