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Hydrostatic pressure of about 7MPa is enough to deform metal sheets thanks to the relatively low flow stress of superplastic materials.
This provides superior formability and more saving of materials in final products than conventional forming processes do.
T., Applied Mechanics and Materials, 87(2011), pp.132-135
T., et. al., Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 26(2012), pp. 2101-2105
T., Advanced Materials Research, 748 (2013) pp. 256-259.

Experimental 2.1 Materials Melamine (CP 500G), was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent.2-Carboxyethyl(phenyl) phosphinic acid was purchased from Sichuan FuLe textile materials Co., Ltd..
(VSP International Science Publishers, Zeist, Holland 1999)
[J].Fire Safety Journal.44( 2009),p.1023-1029
Proceedings of the conference on recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials.Stamford:CT;1993.p.192
Frame retardancy of polymeric materials ,vol.3.New York,p.185

., Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Korea 2 Institute for Processing and Application of Inorganic Materials (PAIM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan, 356-820, Korea Keywords: Spherical (Hertzian) Indentation, Ceramic Layer Composites, Aluminum Titanate Abstract.
The powder compacts were sintered at 1500o C or 1600o C for 2 hrs in air after the calcinations in air at 600 o C for 1 hr to remove organic materials.
These results are related with the strength of materials, which indicates higher strength can be obtained by glass coating as well as the addition of mullite phase into the Al2TiO5 material.
Summary The mechanical properties such as load-bearing capacity and contact fatigue resistance of Al2TiO5 materials were improved by the addition of mullite into Al2TiO5 and the glass coating on Al2TiO5-mullite composite.
Lee: KSME International Journal Vol. 17 (2003), p. 1928 [7] B.

Effect of Temperature and Inoculation on Structure Property of Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft Guofa Mi 1, a, Binfeng He 1, 2, b, Youchao Wang1, c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454001 China 2 Department of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Arts and Science, Xi’an, 710065 China apeter@hpu.edu.cn, bgreatman_he@yahoo.com.cn, cwangyouchao@hpu.edu.cn Key Words: camshaft, pouring temperature, inoculation, chilled depth and hardness Abstract.
Chilled cast iron is used as a new material for camshaft in modern automobile industry for its special microstructure, less metal allowance and low cost [6].
Many factors such as foundry technique, primary materials, pouring temperature, component of molten metal, inoculation, and so on [8-11] affecting the properties of camshaft.
Experimental methods The materials used are Q14 Pig iron, 45scrap steel, scrap, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, nickel, chrome.
[15] He Jiang-ai, Zhao Pei-lin et al: Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) Vol.26(2005), p.359～362.

Research on techniques of electro less nickel plating nano-C60 crystals on the surface of micromechanical devices by laser-induced way Liang ZHONG 1,2,a, Li HOU2,b, Chuan–hui LIU2,c and Qing YIN3,d 1The manufacturing science and engineering school, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China 2 School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China 3Key laboratory of testing technology for manufacturing process, ministry of education, Mianyang621010 azhongliang@swust.edu.cn bhouli@sina.com, cliuchuanhui@swust.edu.cn,yinqing@163.cn Keywords: micromechanical devices; laser-induced; fullerene c60, electro less composite plating Abstract.
Because of the great difference from micro mechanical to traditional mechanical in structure, materials and techniques, Research shows that the friction and viscous force of the micro mechanical component surface have great influence to mechanical transmission, which is the key factor to service life of micro mechanical system.
Experimental process and techniques Experiment uses ZH – 3 type laser, YAG laser as laser source, wavelength is 1.06μm, working voltage is 320V, frequency is 40HZ, pulse width is 0.8 ms; the size of micro mechanical component is 4 × 2 × 0.5 mm, C45 as materials should fix on fixed plant; The average particle diameter of nano-C60 is 100nm, It need be done the processing of Ni-P coatings before putting it in composite worked-liquid , A computer controlled by PMAC card is used not only to control laser but also control X-Y-Z 3D control desk, by which we can get the effect of laser trajectory scanning.
It was reported that the bulk modulus of C60 molecule was 800-900GPa and excess to the bulk modulus of diamond(441GPa), it was the most hard material which the human found thus far.
[3] Liu Chuan-Hui, ZHONG Liang etc. the influence of rare earth rhenium element to composite coating performance of high temperature self-lubrication [J], Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2008.6:60-62

Metal oxide semiconductors have recently become widely used as material for gas sensing applications [6].
Various applications include fabrication of catalyst, magnetic, optoelectronic, semiconducting and sensor materials [8].
Among these technologically important semiconductor materials used as a sensor element in MOS zinc oxide (ZnO).
International journal on smart sensing and intelligent systems , (2010) 606
A comparative study of physico-chemical properties of CBD and SILAR grown ZnO thin films, Materials research bulletin , (2013) 421.

Introduction The high strength and high conductivity copper alloy is an excellent comprehensive physical and mechanical properties of functional materials,which are widely used in the industrial fields of electrical, electronic, mechanical switch contact bridge can be used as electrical engineering, caster mold lining, IC lead frame, high-power asynchronous traction motor rotor [1,2].The research group has long been engaged in the development of high strength and high conductivity copper alloy and the exploration and research of strengthen process,then developed and produced a large number of high conductivity copper alloy which was used in turbine and horizontal continuous casting mold.This paper studies mainly discusses the application on generator rotor CuNiBeZrSi slot wedge copper alloy and the strengthen process ,their organizations and performance of which. 1.Test materials, test methods The samples used in this article test is the slot wedge for CuNiBeZrSi copper alloy, its
Figure 2 Solution temperature on alloy of hardness and conductivity effects Figure 1 Copper alloy forging state organizations By testing,the hardness of alloy forging state is HB158,and the conductivity rate of IACS 22%.The specimen's hardness and conductivity is relatively low, can not meet the performance requirements of high strength and high conductivity slot wedge of copper alloys.Therefore, in order to improve the strength and toughness and electrical conductivity of the materials, the need for copper alloy by solid solution and aging treatment. 2.2 Study on structure and properties of solid solution of alloy Selection of appropriate temperatures for copper alloy solid-solution treatment can eliminate early in the forging and casting process in the production of Crystal segregation and dendritic segregation, improve strength and toughness of the material.
Acknowledgements This project is funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Province, China) and also supported by natural science foundation of Jiangsu province References [1] Yin Zhimin Zhang ,Shenglong high strength and high conductivity copper alloy hot spots and the development trend [J].
East China Shipbuilding Institute of Technology (Natural Science), 2002, 16 (2): 21-26
Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2000, 10 (1): 12-16

Effect of Surface Nanocrystallization Method on Fatigue Strength of TA2 Ai-ling Wen1, a, Rui-ming Ren2, b Shengwu Wang3, c, Jun-yong Yang4, d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiao tong University, Dalian 116028, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiao tong University, Dalian 116028, China 3 School of Civil and Safety Engineering, Dalian Jiao tong University, Dalian 116028, China 4 Department of Bogies, Tangshan Railway Vehicle Co.
Introduction According to the Von-Mises law, plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials without cracking requires more than 5 independent slip systems.
Because titanium and its alloys do not have 5 slip systems required by the Von-Mises law for materials to deform continuously without cracking, the formation of tiny cracks and holes can be caused along the boundary of twins and grains during the plastic deformation.
Yan: Journal of Iron and Steel Research.
Acknowledgements The project was supported by National science foundation of Liaoning province (20022115) and National science foundation of Dalian City ([2002]114).

Hazards of Explosibility Dust from Wood Pellets Jozef Horváth1, a, Karol Balog2,b and Domenico Scarafilo3,c 1,2,3 Institute of Safety, Environment and Quality, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Botanicka 49, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia ajozef_horvath@stuba.sk, bkarol.balog@stuba.sk, c domenico.scorafilo@stuba.sk Keywords: pellets, dust participle, exposibility, minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud.
METHODS AND MATERIALS There are significant problems in determining the explosibility parameters of wood biomass using the standard methodologies and equipment because of the bulkiness and fibrous nature of this type of biomass, resulting in unreliable data for the design of appropriate safety systems protecting against fire and explosion [10].
Sieve screens were used to separate and stratify a sample of material to determine levels of particle distribution.
A material of samples was placed on the top screen.
In European Journal of Environmental and Safety Sciences.

Experimental Procedure Reagent-grade raw materials were used in proportions of 96.3% ZnO, 0.7% Bi2O3, 1.0% Sb2O3, 0.8% Co2O3, 0.5% MnO2, 0.5% Cr2O3 and 0.2% Sc2O3 (molar fraction).
Reagent-grade raw materials were mixed and homogenized in absolute ethanol media in a polyethylene bowl with zirconia balls for 5 h at 500 rpm by planetary high-energy ball milling, the ratio of balls to the mixed powder to ethanol was, respectively, 20:1:5.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2011243, BK2012156), Research Foundation of Jiangsu University (11JDG084), State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment (EIPE11204), Application Program for Basic Research of Changzhou (CJ20125001) and Universities Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (10KJD430002).
Cheng, Influence of Yb2O3 doping on microstructural and electrical properties of ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics, Journal of Central South University. 19 (2012) 1497-1502
Shi, Microstructure and electrical properties of La2O3-doped ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics, Advanced Materials Research. 79-82 (2009) 2007-2010