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Also it has applications in the field of stellar and planetary magnetospheres, aeronautics, chemical engineering and electronics.
The effect of various material parameters on skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented in table 1.
Ahmed, “Unsteady MHD heat and mass transfer by mixed convection flow in the forward stagnation region of a rotating sphere at different wall conditions,” Chemical Engineering Communications, vol. 199, pp.122-141, 2012
Kim “Unsteady MHD convective heat transfer past a semi-infinite vertical porous moving plate with variable suction,” International Journal of Engineering Sciences vol. 38, pp. 833-845, 2000
Raju, and S.V.K.Varma, Soret effects due to natural convection in anon-Newtonian fluid flow in porous medium with heat and mass transfer, Journal of Naval architecture and Marine Engineering, Vol. 11 (2), 2014, pp. 147-156.

Development Trend of Car Painting Technology Qing Guo School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006, China 392235496@qq.com Keywords: new painting technology, improve performance, reduce costs, cleaner production Abstract.
The major pretreatment materials worldwide: degreaser, conditioner for metal surface, etc are all liquidized in order to be convenient for self feeding and reducing dust pollution.
In the condition that car body is painted with electrophoresis, there are 3 key aspects that affect the throwing power: Electrophoresis painting characters: resistance of wet film (outside surface film thickness of control panet) and bath solution conductivity of electrophoretic paint (increase film thickness inside the cavity).
Thus material utilization is improved and cleaning water amount is reduced[3].
Table 2 Comparison between VOC content of pre-film technology and exterior paint Painting Methods Average VOC Discharge Amount per Car VOC Discharge Amount per square foot (240 ft2 per car) Solvent based coating 52.96 0.22 Water-based paint 14.00 0.0058 Prefilming technology 0.66 0.0028 Obviously, prefilming technology has many advantages: Low environmental contamination Less investment in equipments Speedy remodel High material utilization rate No orange peel Fewer wastes, no need to deal with waste paint Lighter that metal, which reduces fuel consumption Between Feb.28th, 2006 and March 2nd, 2006, Soliant Corporation convoked GPEC 2006 (Global plastic environment) in Atlanta. since the new technology reduced VOC discharge by 98% more than traditional technology, this invention of commercialized prefilming technology gained Environment Prize.

The fracture surface of the sapphire plate was observed by using a Leica DMRM Materials Research Microscope with a 10x objective 1.
On the other hand, the behavior of hook B (Fig. 8) differs in several key points.
Krause, in: 26th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials, and Structures: A, edited by H.
Singh, Vol. 23, issue 3 of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH (2002)

Eco-Toxicological Evaluation of Fire-Fighting Foams in Small-Sized Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Biotopes Tomonori Kawanoa, Kohei Otsuka, Takashi Kadono, Reina Inokuchi, Yuki Ishizaki, Bart Dewancker, and Kazuya Uezub Faculty and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan a kawanotom@kitakyu-u.ac.jp, b uezu@kitakyu-u.ac.jp Keywords: biotope, soap, fire-fighting foam, eco-toxicity Abstract.
The biological materials used in our recent bioassays mostly focused on the acute toxicity and biodegradability of FFF-related chemicals include a tiny fresh water model fish, Oryzias latipes known as Medaka fish [5-7], aquatic protozoa such as Paramecium bursaria [7-9], and P. caudatum [10], germinating seeds of rice (Oryza sativa.
L.) plants [11] which is a key component in the semi-aquatic landscape in Japan, and microbial samples in activated sludge [12].
Materials and Methods Laboratory-sized preliminary studies.

Synthesis of Gold Nanorods by Using H2O2 as the Weak Reducer in a Binary Surfactant Mixture Shuting Zhang1,a, Zhiang Liu2,b, Mingyue Hu1,c, Sulan Ma1,d, Min Li1,e* and Xiaoli Liu3,f* 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China 2Experimental Teaching and Equipment Management Center, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China 3Department of Physics, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China azst_jsnu@163.com, bzhiang_001@163.com, c1072902135@qq.com, d1821307504@qq.com, *elim2011@jsnu.edu.cn, *fxiaoliliu_opt@126.com Keywords: Gold nanorods; visible–near infrared spectroscopy; reducer; surfactant Abstract.
Materials and Methods Chemicals Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4•4H2O), Silver nitrate (AgNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.

The tribological model used in this work is the Coulomb friction law, a common engineering approximation to the frictional process where normal and tangential tractions are coupled by the normal pressure.
These two blocks share the same elastic constants Eb and νb = 0.3, and the constitutive parameters for the layer are El = 1 and νl = 0.3 together with a friction coefficient µ = 0.25 between both materials.
The analysis of the solids is taken under the hypotheses of small deformations and linear elastic behaviour of the materials, with constitutive parameters for the tire Et = 10, νt = 0.3 and for the soil Es = 1, νs = 0.3.
A comparable stiffness of the materials makes unacceptable substituting the soil by a rigid plane and this is the reason why the BE method is used to approximate the half-space while the tire is modelled using the FEM.
Felippa: Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 22 (2005), p. 319

Vandana2,d 1UG Students, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India. 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India.
Gulhane, et al., [14] investigated to identify the impact of gaseous tension, spout breadth and Stand off distance on the Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Kerf width of hard and fragile materials like Ceramics.
Materials and Methods 2.1 Material: EN9 is a carbon steel of medium grade, which has high surface hardness and high wear resistance.
Haque, “Performance of different abrasive materials during abrasive water jet machining of glass,” J.
Patil, “ANALYSIS OF ABRASIVE JET MACHINING PARAMETERS ON MRR AND KERF WIDTH OF HARD AND BRITTLE MATERIALS LIKE CERAMIC,” nternational J.

Key aspects in the design and operation of billet heating furnaces are product quality, furnace efficiency and pollutants formation [4].
The furnace chamber is made of a cylindrical region lined with refractory material with an internal diameter of 0.38 m, below which a channel with rectangular cross-section exists (the skids are placed between these two regions).
The interior wall of the furnace is covered with refractory material with an emissivity of 0.9, while brass is considered to have a 0.82 emissivity value.
Fedorov, Direct flame impingement heating for rapid thermal materials processing.
Viskanta, Mathematical modeling of direct flame impingement heat transfer, in: Proceedings of the ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASME, 2007, pp. 615-623 [3] L.K.

This is connected with the phenomenon of skin effect, especially during heating of magnetic materials to the point of phase transition (Curie point) [13].
Zhou, Effect on hardness and microstructures of rail joint with ultra-narrow gap arc welding by post weld heat treatment, Key Engineering Materials 737 (2017) 90-94. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.737.90 [8] R.S.

In order to avoid the generation of harmful lattice defects in the active device areas, a good insight in e.g. the nucleation and propagation mechanisms of dislocations and the gettering mechanisms of metal impurity atoms is essential for the process development engineer.
The hexagonal silicon rods are precursors of 60° and 90° dislocation dipoles which are observed in the same material after prolonged anneals [22], and also of the dislocation loops and stacking faults which are e.g. observed in annealed ion implanted material.
Controlling precipitation phenomena in semiconductors is one of the key issues for the further development of advanced processing steps for the fabrication of ULSI circuits.
Conclusion Both intrinsic and extrinsic point defects play a crucial role in the nucleation of extended defects in advanced silicon materials.
Strunk, VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science , Silicon Materials, Huff HR, Volume Ed. 12 (New York: Academic) (1985), p. 143 [2] S.M.