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Experiments The absorption coefficient is the efficiency of materials on sound absorption, a common characteristic of building or sound insulation materials.
For natural sound absorptive materials, most materials were made in form of fiber, compacted as board or as flexible layers [12–14].
Adachi, The development of sound absorbing materials using natural bamboo fibers, High Performance Structures and Composites. (2002) 157–166
Sun, Sound absorption properties of ceramic hollow sphere structures with micro-sized open cell, Materials Letters. 134 (2014) 268–271
Fujita, Performance improvement of sound-absorbing materials using natural bamboo fibers and their application, in: High Perform.

Corn gluten meal (CGM) has potential as a bioderived polymer for use in composite materials.
Consolidated materials were obtained which showed increased resistance to cracking with higher urea concentration.
Experimental Materials Corn gluten meal was sourced in powder form (Avongold) from Penford NZ, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.
De Graaf: Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 79 (2000), p. 299-306
Averous: Journal of Macromolecular Science Vol. 44 (2004), p. 231-274

Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices. 5, 2 (2020) 185-191
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 872, 1 (2020) 012099
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 32, 9 (2021) 12164-12181
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 29, 10 (2018) 8535-8546
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 434, 1 (2018) 012079

However, due to manufacturing difficulties and reproducibility, the industrial only recently began using cellular materials as "engineering materials".
These materials have been the subject of much research work.
Miller / International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 42 (2000) 729}754 [2] A.G.
Hanssen et al. / International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 44 (2002) 359–406 [3] MF Ashby et al., Metal foams: a design guide, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000
[7] Banhart, J., Manufacture, Progress in materials Science, 2001. 46: p. 559-632

Mendez: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 399 (2005), p. 199-205 [2] W.
Bhadeshia: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 223 (1997), p. 64-77 [4] W.M.
Thomas: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Vol. 38A (2007), p. 1330-1336 [6] J.L.
Danninger: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 176 (2006), p. 62-69 [8] A.R.C.
Ridgway: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 200 (2008), p. 424-432 [9] HUANG Zhibin, ZHU Dongmei, LUO Fa, et al: Rare Metal Materials and Engineering Vol. 37 (2008), p.1411-1416

The loading range (max. 2 kN) will allow for testing the specimens in the small size range for most construction materials [18].
[6] Furuya Y., Notable size effects on very high cycle fatigue properties of high-strength steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 528 (2011) 5234-5240
A., Size effect in bending fatigue resistance of carbon and low-alloy steel and its prediction, Strength of Materials 10 (1978) 392-399
[17] Tomaszewski T., Sempruch J., Determination of the fatigue properties of aluminum alloy using mini specimen, Material Science Forum 726 (2012) 63-68
[18] Tomaszewski T., Sempruch J., Stand for fatigue tests of mini specimen under variable tensile, Materials XXIV Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics, Institutional Publications University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz [in Polish] (2012) 147-148

It is found that the optimal proportion of SnO2 to graphene is 8：1 (wt%) for the electrospun composite materials.
Most commercial lithium-ion batteries use graphitic materials as anode material.
Zhang, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2 (2014) 10211-10217
Novoselov, Nature Materials, 6 (2007) 183-191
Hyeon, Advanced Functional Materials, 15 (2005) 1845-1850

Nomenclature a = average volume of material machined per unit part.
Acknowledgement Financial support for this work was provided by the National Science Council Taiwan, R.O.C., under the contracts of NSC91-2212-E-244-004 and NSC93-2212-E237-007.
Lan: The optimal control of material removal rate with fixed tool life and speed limitation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 121 (2002), No. 2, pp. 238-242
Li: Applications of virtual manufacturing in materials processing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 113 (2001), pp. 416-423
Chang: Design and implementation for maximum metal removal-rate control of a constant turning-force system, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 57 (1996), pp. 351-359

Antonioli: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Vol. 13 (1998), p. 667–671
Wu: Materials Letters Vol. 59 (2005), p. 804–807
Chen: Materials Research Bulletin Vol. 36 (2001), p. 1057–1064
Wu: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 92 (2005), p. 600–603
Isa: International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5 (2010), p. 748-752.

Chen Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China a mengqingsen@263.net, bgiftzn@163.com Keywords: Field-activated; Combustion synthesis; In-situ; FGMs; TiC; TiAl Abstract.
In this paper, the synthesis of four-layered functionally graded materials (FGMs) samples of (TiC)pNi/TiAl with titanium substrate by field-activated and pressure-assisted synthesis process (FAPAS) was investigated.
Experimental Materials The starting materials used in this research include powders of Al (99.5% purity, 45 µm in average size), Ti (99.99% purity, 10µm in average size), graphite (99.9% purity, 60 nm in average size) and Ni (99.9% purity, 45 µm in average size).
Munir: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 476 (2008), p. 889-893 [11] H.B.
Huntington, in: Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, edtied by A.