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Synthesis and Characterization of Anodic Alumina Oxide Using Oxalic Acid as Electrolyte Solution Azira Khairudin1,a, Noorasma Maisarah Mohd Lotfi2,b, Syahida Suhaimi1,c*, Mohd Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa3,d, Azwani Sofia Ahmad Khiar3,e 1Nano Energy Lab (NEL), Energy Materials Consortium (EMC), Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2Applied Physics Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia 3Energy Materials Consortium (EMC), Advanced Materials Team, Ionic & Kinetic Materials Research (IKMaR) Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia aazira.khairudin6@gmail.com, bmaisarahlotfi08@gmail.com, csyahida@usim.edu.my, dikmar_isa@usim.edu.my, eazwanisofia@usim.edu.my Keywords: anodization, porous alumina, nanopores.
In addition, many materials can be deposited into the membrane pores, including metals, oxides, semiconductors and conductive polymers.
These materials can be generated with a suitable formation mechanism.
This is due to similar materials being used in fabricating the AAO film except for the non-iodized Al sheet.
Aziz, “Voltage effect on electrochemical anodization of aluminum at ambient temperature,” International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 53–58, 2010, [Online].

Kabanova, Materials Science and Engineering A 273-275 (1999) 457-461
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Severe Plastic Deformations: Toward Bulk Production Nanostructured Materials.
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Sagaradze, Journal de Physique IV. 112 (2003)41-444.

Fig. 3 Microstructures of AlMg0.7Si alloy at different conditions: (a) starting material, (b) RF with 20% ARR, (c) RF with 40% ARR, (d) RF with 60% ARR, (e) RF with 80% ARR Semi-solid microstructure of remelting of starting material.
Thus, it is obvious that remelting of starting material is difficultly used for the preparation of semi-solid AlMg0.7Si alloy with fine grains.
In Fig. 5, the solid grains of semi-solid AlMg0.7Si alloy prepared by RF and remelting process are smaller and rounder than by remelting of starting material.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for key Program (Grant No. 51335009), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2014JQ7273) and the Xi′an Science and Technology Plan Projects (Grant No.
Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 229 (2014)

Experimental Starting materials and specimen preparation.
The Al2TiO5-Si3N4 composite specimens were prepared by using the above premixted powder, α-Si3N4 powder as starting materials according to the formula table 1.
First the starting materials were thoroughly mixed with addition of 6 % PVA as binder, aged for 10h and then compacted hydraulically under 2.5t into specimens of 53 mm×10 mm×10 mm.
This is because the rise in firing temperature improves the densification behavior of the materials, closer binding between the crystalline grains.
Conferences [1] Chunling Hou, Huaping Liu: Energy Saving of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Properties and application of bricks mixed with Si3N4 and SiC Vol. 2(2007), p. 26-27 (in Chinese) [2] Siqing Wang, Changrui Zhang and Shengwei Wang: Materials Review Vol. 20 (2006), p.459-461 (in Chinese) [3] Jiageng Chen, Wenli Zhang: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 13 (1995), p. 37-40(in Chinese) [4] Aihong Cao: Doctoral dissertation.Tianjin University. 2004.6 (in Chinese) [5] Lianmeng Zhang, Maoli Yu and Jiaguo Yu: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society Vol. 20 (1992), p.484-488 (in Chinese)

Ceramic borides, such as hafnium diboride and zirconium diboride, are members of a family of materials with extremely high melting temperatures which have been referred to as UHTCs.
UHTCs constitute a class of promising materials for use in high temperature applications, such as sharp leading edges on future generations of reentry vehicles, because of their high melting points and relatively good oxidation resistance in reentry environments [3].
The carbon fiber, silicon carbide and zirconium boride were combined each other in Cf/SiC-ZrB2 composite materials.
As can be seen from the figure, different materials have different temperature specific heat capacity.
Processing, properties and arc jet oxidation of hafnium diboride/silicon carbide ultra high temperature ceramics, Journal of materials science, 2004, 39:5925-5937

PFM studies were performed at Center for Shared Use “Material Science and Metallurgy” at the National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” and were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (11.9706.2017/7.8).
Panda, Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials, J.
Porokhonskyy, What can be expected from lead-free piezoelectric materials?
Journal of Applied Physics, 101 (2007) 074111
Kalinin, Switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy of ferroelectric materials, Appl.

These microporous materials have shown catalytic ability in much organic reaction [7].
Combining the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and the super adsorption capacity of montmorillonite, TiO2 pillared montmorillonite nano-materials have become one of the mineral materials that draw popular attention in recent years.
Materials The clay used in this work is a montmorillonite from a deposit of northwest of China (xinjiang).
[2] Sung-Chul Kim, Dong-Keun Lee: Microchemical Journal.
[4] Shenmei Sun, Yinshan Jiang , Lixin Yu, Fangfei Li, Zhengwen Yang,Tianyi Hou, Daqiang Hu, Maosheng Xia: Materials Chemistry and Physics.

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In terms of material selection, in the automotive design process, priority should be given the choice of renewable materials.
Try to choose a good environmental compatibility of materials and parts, avoid using toxic, harmful and radiative properties of materials.
Implementation of auto green remanufacturing project not only can recycle available parts and materials of used cars as much as possible, but also maximize the use of energy and materials in every stage of car life cycle, such as the materials replaced in the vehicle maintenance phase not only can use green remanufacturing technology to repair or regenerate, but also recycle or remelt the materials, used for automobile raw materials, but also little changed as the material involved in the life cycle of other products [8].
Gao: Science and Technology Consulting Herald, (2013) No.10, p.88
Chen: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 45 (2009) No.10, p.106

Rogachev1, b 1 Gomel State University after Francisk Skorina, Gomel 246019, Belarus 2 Key Lab of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China ajxh0668@sina.com, brogachevav@mail.ru Key words: laser dispersion, active gas phase, molecular structure, polymer films Abstract.
It is reported that some characteristic processes can be taken place for polymeric materials during the laser irradiation on target surface [6].
In compared with starting materials, the D1000/D1135 ratio drops significantly in films.
Schrader: Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. 27 (2007), p. 1227 [6] I.P.
Egorov: Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry Vol. 79 (2006), p. 1207 [8] L.A.