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Cases with the same grain size have the same grain properties including grain distribution and grain orientations.
Composite model combining grain interiors and grain boundaries with grain size of 150 and 300 µm.
According to Eq.12, the grain boundaries with grain size of 300 µm is about 1.6 times as thicker as them with grain size of 150 µm.
Since the thickness of grain boundaries in the composite model is the size of individual elements, their elements number reflect this relationship.
In addition, the number of shear bands is decreased.

Metals with Grain Interactions Atish K.
A high degree of interaction between adjacent grains can be accommodated inside the bulk of the grain.
However, the increase in average number of active slip systems would lead to different end textures.
The average number of slip systems active per grain is lower than the above interacting case.
Thus it can be argued that the general observation of S-texture in high SFE metals [2] comes directly as a result of grain interaction and the individual grains attain a state of deformation where slip is carried out in an excess number of slip systems even though it is energetically less favorable.

Ultrafine-grained metals whose grain size is less than 1 mm have attracted interest as high-strength materials.
However, measurement of the yield surface of ultrafine-grained metals requires considerable labor.
The material parameters in Eq. 16 cannot be determined in unique because the number of results for the detailed yield surface is too large to solve simultaneous equations.
In the genetic algorithm calculation, the number of individuals is 20, and the rates of crossover, averaging, mutation, and copy are 14:3:1:1.
The unit-cell model is composed of 35 grains whose mean grain size is 954 nm.

The present paper investigates the evolution of the WC grain size and morphology with the number of produced parts.
When analyzing the size of the WC grains, it appears that the population of small grains increases with the number of produced parts until 150.000.
A wear mechanism is proposed to explain this variation of WC grains size with the number of extruded parts.
The percentage of grain size in the range 0.9 to 2.6 is increased but the number of large grains is decreased.
Nonetheless these percentages are lower, meaning that the number of medium grains has decreased.

Secondly, after interrupting the electro-hydraulic servo testing machine applied a specified cycle number, the crushed rock sample was taken out the box and the grain size distribution of the sample after vibration was measured by sieving of the crushed rock sample.
After vibration, the grain size distribution curves of the crushed rock sample corresponding to a cycle number of vibrating load, i.e. 20000 cycles, are indicated in Fig. 3.
In order to compare conveniently the grain size variation, the initial grain size distribution curves are also shown in Fig. 3.
The test curves of grain size change in the coarsely crushed rock layers with three main grain sizes of 16−40, 25−50 and 50−80 mm before vibration are presented.
This tendency to degradation of the grain sizes in the coarsely crushed rock samples after a 20000 cycles vibrating load is stronger with increasing of the initial grain size.

Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) texture developed in conventional rolling and thermal processes of aluminum alloy sheets, in which the <111>//ND component is lacking.
It is noted that most grain boundaries are of high angle.
When pulled in TD, the Goss oriented grains are much harder than the cube oriented grains, and hence retains a higher surface level than the cube oriented grains.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) [9] H.
Ultrafine Grained Materials III., ed.

GRAIN ORIENTATIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PRECIPITATION IN HOT COMPRESSED COLUMNAR GRAINS IN ELECTRICAL STEEL H.
The 0°-sample possesses nearly only four grains and with the angle increasing, grain number in samples increased.
Thus the 90°-sample contains most grains in the form of a series of stacked grains from the top to the bottom of cylindrical sample, but the length of grains became shorter.
Two large grains were detected mainly in this sample.
The misorientation angles in <111> grains are larger than those in <100> grains, but not significantly at 50% hot compression.

Our recent previous work already achieved a phase-field model to simulate the grain growth process of AZ31 Mg alloy during recrystallization in real time and space, and the simulated results are agreed well with the experiments [10, 11] by introducing a new concept of grain boundary range, where the term of the grain boundary is to explain the physical backgrounds of the order parameter gradients at grain boundary and the diffusion grain boundary.
The temporal evolution of microstructure can be determined by evaluating the time-dependent Allen-Cahn equation and Cahn-Hilliard diffusion equations as follows [12, 13]: (p=1, 2, 3,…,n) (1) where L and M are the structural relaxation and chemical mobility parameters, respectively, ηp(r, t) is the long-rang orientation parameters, used to distinguish the different orientations of the grains, c(r, t) is a concentration field variable, p is the possible number of the grain orientations in the system, and it is taken as 32 as suggested in reference [14].
However, if the the sizes of the particles are 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, the initial state is changed that the unit grid are refined to 0.1μm, the total number of grids are chosen as 1024×1024, and the unit time is 0.075s, the other parameters are the same with reference [10].
The average grain sizes are close to each other at the early stage of grain growth though the contents of the particles are different.
Wu, A physical model to express grain boundaries in grain growth simulation by phase- field method, Acta Phys.

On the other hand, the behavior of ultrafine-grained materials during superplastic deformation has a number of features that are not fully studied.
In particular, using the method the authors of this work obtained a homogeneous UFG structure in a number of titanium alloys with different content of the β phase [7].
A number of reflections on microdiffraction patterns located along the rings (Fig. 1a) which were obtained from the area cut by the selector diaphragm (~ 1.6 μm2) as well as dark-field images (Fig. 1b) indicate about the formation in the alloys of a grain-subgrain structure with ultrafine grain size d ~ 0.25 μm.
Pshenichnyuk Superplasticity and grain boundaries in ultrafine-grained materials, Woodhead Publishing in Materials, 2011
Naydenkin Grain boundary sliding in ultrafine grained aluminum under tension at room temperature, Scripta Mat. 66 (2012) 511-514

Considering non-oriented electrical steel has a general tendency toward thinner and coarser-grained, there are few numbers of grains in both the thickness and blanking clearance sections.
Xu et al. [6] reported that as for thinner and coarser-grained sheet, the blanked edge morphology has a strong integrated relationship with clearance and grain size.
Therefore, with the reduction of grain number across thickness and clearance sections, grain size effect becomes more significant.
It suggested that for coarse grain sheets, the grain size becomes an important factor in blanking process which is often ignored in macro blanking process.
It indicates that the traditional indicator (c/t) is no longer suitable for blanking thin sheets when the number of grains in thickness is countable.