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The simulation of the pearlite formation was performed by Nakajima et al. [11].
Steinbach et al. [12] extended this phase field approach considering the stress and strain.
The numerical formulation is based on the generalized multi-phase field (MPF) approach developed by Steinbach et al. [3-5] and is an extension of the phase field.
The total free energy F is given by , (1) where f interf , f ch and f el are the interfacial, chemical and elastic free energy densities and they are given by , (2) , (3) , (4) where N is the number of phases with i components.
Steinbach, OpenPhase - the open source library for phase field simulations, Sino-German Cooperation Group "Microstructure in Al alloys" Bilateral Symposium 2013, (2013) Changsha, China

.% Mechanical Properties C Si Mn YS [MPa] TS [MPa] El [%] 0.12 0.307 2.35 719 804 22.5 Weld Joints Characteristics.
Kapustka, et al., Effect of GMAW process and material conditions on DP 780 and TRIP 780 welds,  WELDING JOURNAL-NEW YORK- 87.6 (2008) 135
[8] Li, Gang, et al., The defects and microstructure in the fusion zone of multipass laser welded joints with Inconel 52M filler wire for nuclear power plants. 
[10] Gao, Shuling, et al., Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded dissimilar DP780 and DP980 high-strength steel joints. 
Caccese, et al., Effect of weld geometric profile on fatigue life of cruciform welds made by laser/GMAW processes.

Hansen et al. proposed the method that combines coplanar and nearly coplanar polygons in to larger polygon which can be re-triangulated in to fewer simpler polygons [8].
Kalvin et al. have presented the simplification method called a "superfaces" [9].
Gardland et al. have presented the method which can be applied not only to the surface simplification tasks, but also for the collision and intersection detection [10].
Another different method for the representation of highly detailed objects is presented by Aaron Lee et al.
Farag, Ahmed El-Bialy: Free-Form Object Recognition and Registration Using Surface Signature, ICCV99, (1999), pp. 1098-1104

S.Valls et al. [7] revealed that dry sewage sludge could decrease the mechanical properties of concrete appreciably and most studies also reported a decrease of compressive strength of mortars and concrete when sewage sludge ash (SSA) was used as a cement [8, 9] or sand replacement [10].
[3] Walid BA, Noureddine G, Abdelbasset L, Gijs DL, Marc V, Naceur J, et al.
Dhir, et al., (Eds.), Sustainable Waste Management—Studies on the Use of Sewage Sludge Ash in Construction Industry as Concrete Material, Sustainable Construction: Use of Incinerator Ash, Thomas Telford, London (UK), 2000: 415–426
[17] Husillos Rodríguez N, Martínez-Ramírez S, Blanco-Varela MT, et al.
[18] El-Dakroury A, Gasser M S.

Sorenson et al. of Denmark University [2] modified the pump-pipe-nozzle system and tested it in a small non-turbocharged single cylinder engine (displacement volume 0.237L) filled with DME.
Christensen and Sorenson et al. of Denmark University [3] also made comparison test of DME and diesel with ordinary pump-pipe-nozzle system.
Zhang Xiao, Wang Yang, et al. from Tianjin University [5] designed a electronically controlled common-rail injector.
Acknowledgements Project: National Nature Science Fundation Project (lot number: 50975212) References [1] Constantine Arcoumanis, Choongsik Bae,el al.

· When welding Al 7075-T651, close values were obtained except for the size that defines the wear of the front surface of the shoulder of the welding tool.
The high degree of wear can be attributed to: - large friction surface between the tool shoulder and the welding materials (~ 351mm2) - high pressure of the plastified material moving during the process - high hardness of Al 7075-T651 alloy (160-180HV).
· Following the tests on the durability of the tools, when welding Al 7075-T651, compared to Al 99.5, the tool with threaded cylindrical pin behaved well in terms of wear, but for the shoulder, if it is necessary to achieve considerable lengths of welded material (in industrial applications), it is recommended to use a stronger and harder material than X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11) - hardness 52-54 HRC, such as X40CrMoV5 (AISI H13) - hardness 63-66 HRC, X210Cr12 (AISI D3) - hardness 58-64HRC or X155CrVMo121 (AISI D2) - hardness 55-62 HRC
El-Sayed, Shash A.Y., M.

Van de Weyenberg et al. [13] shows a clear improvement of the mechanical properties of the resulting material: using a mild treatment in a 4% NaOH solution (alkalisation) for 45s will increase the transverse composite strength up to 30%.
Kabir et al. [14] have treated hemp fibers in three steps: alkalized, acetylated and silanisation treatments.
VARTM process Daniel Scida et al. [16] have used pre-pregs of quasi-unidirectional flax/epoxy for manufacturing composites.
Assarar et al. [19].
El Mahi, C.

B.P. 1524, El Mnaouer, Oran 31000; Algeria. 1,2,5Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Materials, LABMAT, ENSET, BP. 1523, El Mnaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria.
These results are in agreement with those reported by Achoura et al. [34]. 2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2.2H2O (hydrate calcium chloride) (2) 2 CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(CH3COO)2.2H2O (hydrate calcium acetate) (3) The chemical resistance of materials is more or less affected by the concentration and the nature of acids in the order with the most aggressive as given below: HCl > H2SO4 > CH3COOH.
These results are in agreement with those reported by Rossignolo et al. [32].
These results are in agreement with those reported by Benosman et al [27].
These results are in agreement with those reported by Siad et al. [42].

Functionalized Mesoporous MCM-41 for the Adsorption of Various Pharmaceutical Compounds Nassima Benyoub1,a*, Abdellah Benhamou1,b, Abdelkader Debab1,c 1Process and Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Departement of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology of Oran Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB-, El Mnaouar, BP 1505, Bir El Djir 31000, Oran, Algeria.
Al-Musawi.
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, (2021), 168, 443-452, [17] S.M.Al-Jubouri, D.A. de Haro-Del Rio, A.Alfutimie, N.A.Curry and S.M.Holmes.
[36] G.A.Rumman, T.J.Al-Musawi, M.Sillanpaa and D.Balarak.
Key factor affecting the basicity of mesoporous silicas MCM-41: effect of surfactant extraction time and Si/Al ratio.

Al-Najar, & M.
El Houssame, M.
El Firdoussi, (2020), Journal of Chemistry, 2020