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Machining performance consists to associate the optimal process and cutting parameters and maximum material removal rate with the most appropriate tool while controlling the machined surface state.
The sources of residual stress are widely varied and include plastic deformation of a material or volume changes of a material due to thermal gradients.
Additionally, the effect of stress and temperature on the material behaviour during loading may influence residual stresses [7].
For both tools was made an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).
Wanat, “Surface finish generated in hard turning of quenched alloy steel parts using conventional and wiper ceramic inserts”, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 46, No. 15, pp. 1988-1995, 2006

In some cases where the application of traditional concrete structures is restricted, such as structures that require the environment without magnetic and electric interferences, the best way is to use nonmetallic materials.
FRP reinforcements is a kind of linear elastic material and exhibit several properties such as high tensile strength, light weight, noncorrosive and nonmagnetic, which make them suitable for use as structural reinforcement in marine engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, hydraulic engineering, geotechnical engineering and some special engineering[1-3].
Materials Figure 1 shows continuous FRP rectangular spirals used in the tests.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Key Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Research (CSTC, 2011AB0043).
[7] Ahmed K.El-Sayed, Ehab El-Salakawy, B.Benmokrane: Journal of Composites for Constructure.

At the same time, according to conditions of the different rock materials and tunnel lining types, relationship of anti- shake length of tunnel entrance and rock was studied, and two kinds of absorption measures, which are setting shake layer and reinforcing surround rock were studied, and absorption effects, applicable to cases and shake mechanism were analyzed too.
Table 1 Dynamic mechanical parameters in calculating area Material type specific gravity Young's modulus Poisson's ratio cohesion interior frictional angle Dynamic shear modulus Side stress coefficient λ γ/kN/m3 E/GPa μ C/MPa φ/° G/GPa Surround rock V 18.5 11.1 0.36 0.18 24 4.211 0.7 Surround rock reinforced 20 13.2 0.28 0.2 27 5.143 First lining/C25 jetting concrete 22 28.8 0.16 4 55 12.392 Second lining/C25 concrete 23 36.9 0.16 5 60 15.894 As shown in Fig. 2~ Fig.4, with the conditions under different tunnel lining rigidity, the shape of trend of displacement, velocity and acceleration curves with time at the top of tunnel lining are proportional respectively.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Western traffic Construction Technology & Science Project in China (2009 318 000 102 ).
[4] GenDa Shao, WenHai Luo etc: Study about railway tunnel lining under strong earthquake, China academy of railway sciences, 1990: 92-109.
[6] RuiMin Wang , QiFeng Luo: Analysis on the damage to underground structure and tunnel in Kobe are caused by Hanshin earthquake, Journal of Catastrophology 1998,13 (2),63-66.

Materials and Methods Algal Strain and Subculture.
Biomass DW of suspended algae (DW1) was measured by filtering aliquot algal sample on pre-weighed glass-fiber filter paper with pore size of 0.45 μm (Q/IEFJ01-1997, Xingya purification material factory, Shanghai, China).
Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 51108085), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Award No. 2013J01129) and Program of the Education Department of Fujian Province (Award JA11030).
Ashman: Journal of Applied Phycology.

Coal ash is a lightweight material with a lot of pores.
Materials and test method Coal ash The coal ashes in test are taken from Songhuajiang Thermal Power Plant in Jilin as the object of research.
Acknowledgements The project has been funded by the PHD Start-up Fund of Northeast Dianli University (BSJXM-201108), and the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering (20110515).
Journal of Energy Engineering, 2004, 130(1): 18－43
Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 1997,17(2):30-33.

Simulation analysis of complex space steel truss construction Lei Sun1,a ,Weiming Feng2,b 1,2School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China a1119sunlei@163.com,bfeng_wm_cn@sina.com Key word: connector numerical simulation hoisting Abstract: This paper used the finite element method to simulate the engineering structure for large complex steel truss structure installation plan.
The less set of hoisting point means the less use of materials and funds.
According to connector ascending section, we take the section area of the beam4 and link8 0.0416m2. material model use ideal elastic-plastic model, E=2.06e11, nuxy=0.3, ρ=1650kg/m3,g=9.8m/s2.
Acknowledgement Supported by Sub-topic of Natianal The Eleventh Five Year Plan Science and Technology Support Projiect:The application and research about key technologies of virtual construction process of large and complex engineering (2007BAF23B0404) .
Engineering Journal, 1996, 33(4):129~141 [3] ANSYS Corporation.

China 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, P.
Experimental The n(100) Si (2~4 Ω⋅cm) and n(111) Si (<0.02 Ω⋅cm) were purchased from the Shanghai silicon material factory in China.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1990. 137(8): p. 2539-2546. 2.
Applied Surface Science, 1998. 136(1-2): p. 123-130. 3.

Excellent performance and stability with low friction material needs development.
For practical materials, because the friction coefficient of the substrate is impossible to take small numbers, in order to make the seismic isolation system own very good reposition function, thus restoring spring stiffness coefficient should be greater than a lower limit value.
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the funds provided by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2011BAK07B01-04 and No. 2013BAJ10B09-2) & Science and Technology Program of Tangshan City of China (No.12140208A-13) for the work presented in this paper.
Journal Of Vibration Engineering, 2001, 14 (3): 330-333.

Introduction With the new material and new technology being introduced into the production of the nanometer device, and feature size of nanometer device being narrowed, a higher demand on the measurements and characterizations of the surface roughness must be met.
The materials used in the analysis 1.1.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50775039).
Comparison of metrology methods for quantify -ing the line edge roughness of patterned features[J].Vacuum Science and Technology B：Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 1999,17：2488-2498
Journal of Harbin industrial university, 2005, 33 (5) : 674-678

Damage Evaluation of Bone Tissues with Dental Implants Daniel Lin 1,a , Qing Li 1,b , Wei Li c, Ionut Ichim2d and Michael Swain 2,3e 1 School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 2 Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand 3 Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia a master.yoda99@yahoo.com, bQing.Li@aeromech.usyd.edu.au, wei@aeromech.usyd.edu.au, d ionut.ichim@stonebow.otago.ac.nz, emswain@mail.usyd.edu.au Keywords: dental implant, damage, bone, remodeling, finite element, CT scan Abstract: Dental implants have been extensively used in prosthetic dentistry over the last two decades.
Material and methods The 3D model, resembling a dental implant embedded in dental bone was constructed based on CT scan images in Rhinoceros.
The cortical and cancellous bones are treated as isotropic materials.
[3] Franchi, M., Orsini, E., Trire, A., Quaranta, M., Martini, D., Guiliani Piccari, G., Ruggeri, and A., Ottani, V: The Scientific World Journal 4 (2004), p.1093
(Eds): Clin Impl Mater, Advances in Biomaterials, Vol. 8. (1990) Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., Amsterdam, Printed in The Netherlands, p.309