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Bourgeois et al. [10] have considered four turbulence models to predict the mean flow fields of a fish tail-shape diffuser that was incorporated in the aero engine centrifugal compressor.
The k-W and k- e turbulence models have been used by Ibrahim et al. [13] to investigate the effect of curvature and cross-sectional transitioning on the performance of S-shape diffuser.
Effect of varying area ratio (AR) and inflow Reynolds number (Rein) on outlet pressure recovery (Cp) Area ratio (AR) Outlet pressure recovery (Cp) Maximum percentage of improvement (%) Rein=23 Rein =2.653E+04 Rein =7.959E+04 Rein =1.592E+05 Rein =2.123E+05 1.6 -5.744 0.320 0.368 0.392 0.403 26 2.0 -4.861 0.373 0.425 0.448 0.458 23 3.0 -4.023 0.422 0.492 0.515 0.524 24 Maximum percentage of improvement (%) 32 34 31 30 According to Wang et al. [9], the high inflow Reynolds number, Rein>500 should be used in order to improve the recovery.
El-Askary and M.

Lin et all. al. suggested and proved that Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ is a novel white long-lasting phosphor [4-5].
[2] Yesilay Kaya, S., Karacaoglu, E. and Karasu, B., Effect of Al/Sr ratio on the luminescence properties of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors, Cer.
Al.
[10] El Kazazz, H., Karacaoglu, E., Karasu, B., Agatekin, M., Production of violet-blue emitting phosphors via solid state reaction and their uses in outdoor glass fountain, J.

Following its introduction from Kirkpatrick et al [8], simulated annealing is mainly applied to large-scale combinatorial optimization problems.
Metropolis et al [9] were the first to suggest a method for calculating a distribution of a system of elementary particles (molecules) at the thermal balance state.
Al-Kalaani, “Power generation scheduling algorithm using dynamic programming,” Nonlin.
El-Hawary,“Optimization methods applied for solving the short-term hydrothermal coordination problem,” Elect.

Nasr-El-Din, A.M.
Al-Mohammed, A.D.
Al-Aamri, O.A.
Al-Fuwaires: “A study of gel degradation, surface tension and their impact on the productivity of hydraulically fractured gas wells” SPE Paper 109690.

Elangovan et al. [2] studied five tool profiles i.e Straight cylindrical, threaded cylindrical, taper cylindrical, square and triangular, for the welding of AA 6061 aluminium alloy and found that the square pin profiled tool produces defect free welds for all the axial forces used.
Similarly, Lee et al. [3] achieved defect-free joining of 4-mm-thick copper plate at a rotation rate of 1250 rpm and a traverse speed of 61 mm/min.
Mechanical properties of copper weldments Tool rotation speed (rpm) Weld speed (mm/min)  UTS (MPa) YS (MPa) % El Micro hardness (HV) Impact strength (J) 900 25 121 95 8.8 62 8 900 31.5 135 102 9.1 71 8 900 40 168 109 13.5 85 12 900 50 142 112 10.4 65 8 1120 40 139 105 10 77 10 Base Metal 260 231 31 110 18 Effect of tool rotation speed In FSW, tool rotational speed is a function of intense stirring and mixing of the material around the rotating tool pin profile which in turn increase the heat input within the stirred material.
Microstructural Factors Governing Hardness in Friction-Stir-Welds of Solid-Solution-Hardened Al Alloys.Metall.

Ormiston et al. [10] subjected bench testing to compress and elongate 7 contemporary clinical stents and illustrated the stents with less connector numbers shortened the most.
Hsiao et al. [14] established the three-dimensional longitudinal compression model using FEA to study and analyze the LSD, and their results indicated that LSS of stent with the offset peak-to-peak design pattern is higher than that of stent with peak-to-peak design pattern, especially stated that LSD was mainly influenced by the number of connectors.
Ragkousis et al. [15] reconstructed a patient specific stenosed right coronary artery model to simulate longitudinal stent compression in vitro and vivo environment, and emphasized the importance of connector numbers and angulation of connectors between the struts to resist compression.
El-Omar, B.

Hansen et al. [7] and Kim et al. [8] confirmed that the UV/ chlorine process can be a treatment option for DBPs removal.
Vol. 225 (2013), P. 394-405 [3] Shon H, Phuntsho S, Chaudhary D, et al: Drink.
Vol. 56 (2007),p. 469-477 [12] Jin J, El-Din M G, Bolton J R: Water Research, Vol.45 (2011),p. 1890-1896 [13] Kasiri M, Khataee A: Environmental technology, Vol.33 (2012),p. 1417-1425 [14] Zhang J, Fu D, Xu Y: Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.22 (2010),p. 1281-1289 [15] Yang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y: Separation and Purification Technology, Vol.76 (2010),p. 72-78 [16] Sahoo C, Gupta A: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 215–216 (2012),p. 302-310 [17] Trinh T K, Kang L S: Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Vol. 89 (2011), p. 1126-1135 [18] Sarathy S R, Mohseni M: Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41 (2007), p. 8315-8320 [19] Watts M J, Linden K G: Water Research, Vol. 41 (2007), p. 2871-2878 [20] Feng Y, Smith D W, Bolton J R: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, Vol. 6 (2007), p 277-284

For example, Aneu et al. [4] have studied sulfated SiO2 to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil and reported that modification of SiO2 with sulfuric acid had increased catalyst acidity and decreased surface area.
The mesoporous structure formed in the SS2-600 catalyst promoted catalytic activity as it can facilitate the interaction between reactants and active sites of the catalyst, following the research conducted by Aneu et al. [4] on sulfated silica synthesis that reported the formation of a mesopore structure based on the isotherm curve and hysteresis loop that implies the type of Iva and H2(b), respectively.
El-Moselhi, S.M.
Al-wadaani, R.M.

Begum et al., "A Comprehensive Review on The Sources, Essentiality and Toxicological Profile of Nickel," RSC Adv., vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 9139–9153, 2022, doi: 10.1039/D2RA00378C
Al-shehri, A.
El-Nemr, and K.
Oliveira et al., "Amine-Modified Silica Surface Applied As Adsorbent in The Phenol Adsorption Assisted by Ultrasound," Chem.

A number of bentonite-modified electrodes and electrochemical sensors have been reported, these included the use of a carbon paste modified electrode [14-16], modified electrodes based on mixed bentonite vanadium (V) oxide xerogel [17], Al-pillared acid-activated montmorillonite modified electrodes [18], spectroelectrochemical studies of phenothiazine dyes at clay coated electrodes [19], chitosan-clay electrochemical sensors [20].
Various methods have been used to determine sulfide ion, such as spectrophotometric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrometry, flow injection analysis (FIA), ion chromatography, and electrochemical methods and so on, articles of these techniques are cited by Huang et al. [24].
[12] E.L.
Ladavos, “Al-pillared acid-activated montmorillonite modified electrodes”, J.