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Recently, it has been demonstrated that starting from these structures it is possible to obtain composite films that can be used for optical sensing exploiting the properties of changing the structural color under an external stimulus as demonstrated in the papers published by Ozin et al [Ozin6] and Fudouzi el et al [Fudouzi7].
First of all, it is important to remember that gold-coated three dimensional colloidal crystals can be suitable as SERS substrates since they possess important characteristics as: (a) a larger surface area compared to flat substrate; (b) periodic crevices formed in structures that are efficient for SERS signal enhancement according to the theoretical results reported by Garcìa-Vidal et al.

CEdt = CEel + CEtool + CErm + CEchip removal (1) (a) Due to electricity consumption required for turning Cel = CEf ,el´Wmachine (2) (b) Due to usage of cutting tool CEtool = (tc/Ttool)´CEf ,tool´Mtool (3) (c) Due to engine CErm = CEf ,m×Mchip removal (4) (d) Due to chips recycling CEchip removal = CEf ,chip removal´Mchip removal (5) There is no standard quantitative method for determining the carbon density of various materials.
Cui et al.
Chauhan, Tuning of MoS2 Particle in Al-Based Composite for Self-Lubrication, Solid-state Processing of Light Alloys (2023) 75:2949–2961
Elaya Perumal, Influence of B4C on the tribological and mechanical properties of Al 7075–B4C composites, Comp: Part B (2013) 54: 146-152

The empirically determined local mean of original signal is defined as: (4) where: EL(t) is the empirically determined lower envelope of the original signal (the subject of decomposition) and EU(t) is the empirically determined upper envelope of the original signal.
Zimroz, Application of Empirical Mode Decomposition for impulsive signal extraction to detect bearing damage – industrial case study, in: Fakhfakh T. et al .
Fakhfakh, et al .
Gelman et al, Adaptive vibration condition monitoring technology for local tooth damage in gearboxes, Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 47(8) (2005) 461-464

Zhansitovb*, A.L.
Zhansitov, A.L.
Zhansitov, A.L.
Jamal El-Hibri, Ryan K.

According to Fu et al. [10] and Abu Bakar et al. [11], the restriction of the matrix to move and deform due to the presence of particulate filler which cause a mechanical restraint also lead to increasing modulus.
El-Shekeil, S.M.
Al-Shuja’a, Influence of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of kenaf fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composite, Applied Nanoscience. 4 (2012), 279-291

Semi-Analytical Solution of Post-Filling Stage in Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Ahmed Ouezgan1,a*, Mouhessine Chahbouni2,b, Said Boutahari2,c, Abdelghani Saouab3,d, Aziz Maziri1, e, El Hassan Mallil1, f and Jamal Echaabi1,g 1Applied Research Team on Composites, Management and Innovation, High National School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco. 2Technologies and Industrial Services Laboratory, High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco. 3Harve University,Harve, France.
[3] Okabe T, Oya Y, Yamamoto G, Sato J, Matsumiya T, Matsuzaki R, et al.

Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of 1T-ZrX2 Materials (X=S, Se, Te) Guesmi Ibtissam1,a*, Challioui Allal2,b El Farh Larbi 1,c, Malki Siham1,d and Darhi Zakaria1,e 1Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Particles, Modeling and Energies " LPTPME ", Morocco. 2Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Morocco.
Kar et al[11] found an indirect gap of 0.9eV for ZrSe2 while a topological semi-metal character was identified in the case of ZrTe2.
Thus, from the optical transmission and absorption measurements over the energy range of 1-2.2 eV, Thalita et al found an indirect optical gap of about 1.78 eV for the ZrS2, while Liang et al [13] applied the Kramers-Kronig analysis to the energy loss data of ZrS2 and ZrSe2 for the electric vector E⊥c in the energy range of 0 to 50 eV and found peaks around 20eV for both materials.
Recently, Singh et al[16] have measured experimentally the dielectric function and refractive index of ZrS2 and ZrSe2 compounds via spectroscopic ellipsometry in the visible-to-NIR range.
Isomaki et al [20] performed calculations for ZrS2 and ZrSe2 using the SCSOPW method and found energy gaps of about 1.6 and 1.3 eV, respectively.

Koplik and Needleman [9] and Gologanu et al. [7] have used this void volume fraction.
[2] Bai and al (2008).
[6] Gurson A.L. (1977), Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: part I yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media.
[7] Gologanu et al (2001).
[10] Li, Y., Wierzbicki, T., Sutton, M. et al. (2010).

Dzhioev et al. 
Astakhov et al. 
Akimov et al.: Phys.
Karlik et al.: Fiz.
Ploog, E.L. 

Table 1 Chemical composition of Inconel 718 Nickel-based alloy (wt %) Ni Cr Fe Nb+Ta Mo Ti Al Co Si Mn Cu C Balance 18.37 17.8 5.34 3.04 0.98 0.5 0.23 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.04 Fig. 1.
El-Baradie: J.
Liu, et al: Int.
Xia, et al: Acta Mech.