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Since high levels of strains and strain rates accompanied by high temperatures characterize the deformation process in machining, the material properties at these extreme conditions are needed.
The behaviour of the material at elevated temperature needs to be characterized as sufficient heat is generated during the machining process of alloy which would ultimately affect the mechanical response of the workpiece.
The properties and dimensions of the materials used in the experiments and in finite element simulations are presented in Tables 1-3.
Other possible factors, responsible for minor deviations of the simulation results from the experimental data, are the character of (dynamic) friction between the workpiece and the pressure bars, longitudinal wave dispersion in the pressure bars, radial inertia in the workpiece, and impedance mismatch of the bars with the specimen.”
Kolsky: An investigation of the mechanical properties of materials at very high rates of loading.

Investigation into root causes of key gear failure modes will be essential to identify critical operational conditions and important factors affecting the failures.
Their study concluded that the key factors over the number of load cycles necessary for micropitting occurrence.
Details of gear parameters, material properties, lubricant properties are given in Al-Tubi and Long (2012) [14].
Such a smooth surface is one of the most important factors in micropitting resistance [13].
J, Assessment of the factors influencing micropitting in rolling/sliding contacts, Wear, 258 (10) (2005) 1510–1524

Some data about the 17-4 PH stainless steel are available; they are however mainly focused on the influence of heat-treatments and related microstructural characteristics on the room-temperature fatigue properties [1-8].
The mechanical properties at room temperature determined for the as-received material by AUBERT & DUVAL are given in Table 1.
Table 1: Mechanical properties of 15-5PH Stainless Steel in AR condition at room temperature FCG tests were carried out on a commercial closed-loop servohydraulic test machine at room temperatures and at 300°C in laboratory air.
As observed at ambient temperature, ageing does not affect the FCGRs at 300°C over the entire extent of the stable propagation domain.
· As in room temperature, ageing does not affect the FCGRs in the stable propagation domain at high temperature.

The mechanical properties were examined by tensile tests using specimens with 1 mm thickness, 2.2 mm width and 4 mm gauge length on an Instron 3382 machine.
Mechanical properties and Hall-Petch predictions.
Ponge, Effects of heavy warm deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium carbon ferritic–pearlitic steel, ISI Int. 44(7) (2004) 1211-1216
Kaspar, Mechanical properties of an ultrafine grained C-Mn steel processed by warm deformation and annealing, Acta Mater. 53 (2005) 4881-4892
Matlock, Overview of processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained bcc steels, Mater.

These two factors result in increase and concentration of temperature and pressure on cutting edge and also abrasion wear of the tool through diffusion mechanism and its thermal fatigue.
A large number of investigations have been performed to study this process and the parameters affecting it.
Stevenson, Study on the correlation of workpiece mechanical properties from compression and cutting tests, J.
Kolsky, An investigation of the mechanical properties of materials at very high rates of loading, Proceedings of Physical Society, Vol.62 (1949), 676-700
Liu, Mechanical properties of hardened AISI 52100 steel in hard machining processes, J.

This is however an important issue because the presence of residual stresses in components has long been recognized as a major factor affecting end-use properties.
Special attention has been dedicated to the difficult case of Titanium alloys [1-5]: despite high mechanical properties / density balance and excellent corrosion resistance, these alloys suffer from a poor machinability.
As a result, improvements can be obtained in terms of corrosion [19-24] and wear [23-25] properties.
Comparatively, the sub-surface hardening - which is obtained far below the heat-affected zone - is “mechanical” in nature.
This is illustrated in this article through analysis of the TA64 Ti alloy and steels while their effect on the properties is discussed.

Initial pressure drop increase linearly with the increase of flow rate, that is: P kQ∆ = （1） The coefficient k is related to metal rubber filter structure parameters and liquid properties.
Therefore porosity is an important factor affecting filtration performance of MR filters.Fig.4 and Fig.5 show the filtration pressure drop and filtration efficiency of different porosity metal rubber filters, respectively.
This phenomenon due to that filter thickness is one of decisive factors of filtration pressure drop.
On the other hand, filtration efficiency of two kind metal rubber filters (molding thickness L=5mm and L=10mm respectively) are close to each other, so the influence of molding thickness on filtration efficiency is little and can be neglected. 3 Conclusions (1) Line diameter, porosity and molding thickness are major factors affecting initial pressure drop of metal rubber filter under the clean liquid condition.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2005,(41)6: 50-54 [5] Y.H.

However, a reduction in laminate mechanical properties was noticed.
Work by Tuloup [3] investigating the effects of embedding PZT and PVDF inside a glass fibre reinforced polymer also showed that embedding slightly lowers the mechanical properties.
It was also concluded that embedding a PVDF sensor in the composite does not significantly affect the mechanical behaviour.
It is apparent that the sensor does affect the mechanical properties of the specimen, the extent will depend on the size and shape of the sensor as well as on the thickness of the composite.
One of the suspected factors was the resin entering between the PVDF sensor and the electrical cable when infusing.

Osseointegration becomes one of critical factors to determine the success of implantation as it directly affects the stresses acting on the peri-implant bony tissues.
However, it still remains unclear how the implant biomaterials and corresponding surface morphologies would affect the bone remodelling activities.
Concurrently with the osseointegration process, bone regulates itself in response to mechanical loads by adapting its internal morphology and properties for accommodating the fundamental loading environment, knowing as "bone remodeling" [2].
In this regard, the bone remodels in line with the change of mechanical loading induced by implant.
The corresponding properties such as Young's modulus and Poisson ratio were obtained from the literature [4].

The strength and failure probability of interface bonding are the most considerable factors to affect the damage and failure of SFIs.
On the other hand, the damage and failure of SFIs are also different from that of common short fiber composites, since SFIs are very thin and more attention focus on the off-plane properties.
The equivalent properties of fibers with interface damage were obtained by FE analysis for representative volume element.
After introducing the equivalent undamaged fibers, the common Mori-Tanaka method may be applied to predict the property of damaged SFIs.
The bonding strength and failure probability of interface are the most considerable factor to affect the damage and failure of SFIs.