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Introduction Welding is a process of joining materials into one piece.
Baudin, Effect of welding on microstructure and mechanical properties of an industrial low carbon steel, Journal of Engineering, 2, (2010) 502-506
Jonas, Testing of Welded Pipeline Steel ,Materials Science and Engineering A420 ( 2006.) 115-121
Özdemir, Heat treatment in two phase region and its effect on microstructure and mechanical strength after welding of a low carbon steel,Materials and Design 28 ( 2007 ) 897-903
[19] Macherauch, E., Kloos, K.H., Origin, Measurements and Evaluation of Residual Stresses, Residual Stresses in Science and Techology.

Experimental Secar 71 calcium aluminate cement (Kerneos, France) and CT3000SG micro-sized alumina powder (Almatis, USA) were used as raw materials in this work.
The chemical composition and specific surface area of raw materials present in Table 1.
Table 1 Chemical composition and specific surface area of raw materials.
[8] G Puerta-Falla , A Kumar , L Gomez-Zamorano , The influence of filler type and surface area on the hydration rates of calcium aluminate cement, Construction & Building Materials. 96 (2015) 657-665
Song, X.C Li, Synthesis and hydration kinetics of calcium aluminate cement with micro MgAl2O4 spinels, Materials Chemistry & Physics. 154 (2015) 158-163.

Materials and methods A steel mould with vertical separation plan placed on a vibrating platform activated by an electrodynamic exciter of vibrations type Robotron 11076 (fig. 1) [9], were used for casting.
Silva, Influence of vibration on the solidification behaviour and tensile properties of an Al–18 wt%Si alloy, Materials & Design, Volume 30, Issue 5, (2009), 1575-1580
Saklakoglu, Effects of Low-Frequency Mechanical Vibration and Casting Temperatures on Microstructure of Semisolid AlSi8Cu3Fe, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 37, Issue 8, (2012), 2255-2267
Yokoi, Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Macrostructure and Mechanical Properties of AC4C Aluminum Alloy Castings, Materials Transactions, Vol. 50, No. 11 (2009), 2578-2583
Kharrazi, Study on the effect of prolonged mechanical vibration on the grain refinement and density of A356 aluminum alloy, Materials and Design, 30 (2009), 1604–1611

Duszczyk, FE analysis of metal flow and weld seam formation in a porthole die during the extrusion of a magnesium alloy into a square tybe and the effec of ram speed on weld strength, Journal of materials processing technology, 200, 2008, 185-198
Luo, Flow stress numerical modeling for large strain deformation in Magnesium alloy AZ31, Computer Methods in Materials Science, Vol. 10, 2010, No. 2
Sachdev, Development of a new wrought magnesium-aluminum-manganese alloy AM30, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 2007, Vol. 38A, 1184-1192
Barnett, et al., Construction of extrusion limit diagram for AZ31 magnesium alloy by FE simulation, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004, 146(3): 408-414
Pietrzyk, Physical and Numerical Modeling of Plastic Deformation of Magnesium Alloys: Computer Method in Materials Science.

Bhanu Sankara Rao, Materials Science and Technology 25 (2009) 614-618
[5] M.D.Mathew, Naveena, V.D.Vijayanand, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22 (2013) 492-497
[6] Naveena, K.Laha, M.D.Mathew, Materials Science and Engineering 552 (2012) 112-118
[7] M.D.Mathew, K.Laha, V.Ganesan, Materials Science and Engineering 535 (2012) 76-83
[17] N.Parvathavarthini, R.K.Dayal, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 305 (2002) 209-219

The Brazilian disc test with central notch is widely used to evaluate mixed mode I/II fracture resistance of brittle materials such as rocks and concrete.
The selected materials can be characterized as a high-performance concrete, which are used in the production of precast concrete elements.
These demands lead into development of a new concrete mixture, which uses secondary materials as a binder and has a high compressive strength.
Aliha, On the use of Brazilian disc specimen for calculating mixed mode I-II fracture toughness of rock materials, Eng.
Pavier, The role of T-stress in brittle fracture for linear elastic materials under mixed-mode loading, Fat. & Frac. of E.

Graphite is one of the basic materials of HTR.
It is not only the reactor structural support materials, the main part of shielding layer material, and the reactor fuel element substrate material [2].
Materials & Design, 2014, 58: 102-107
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2014, 445(1-3): 30-36
Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy. 2011, 16(2): 231.

Municipal waste contains nutrients, heavy metal and organic materials that are source of pollution to surface water and underground aquifers.
Environmental Earth Sciences Vol. 66(3), (2012) 763-772 [13] A.
Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol. 61(7), (2010)1481-1492., [20] A.
Hydrogeology Journal Vol. 9(6) (2001) 611-622 [21] C.
Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 49(3), (2002) 149-162

To achieve this objective, we used X70 pipeline steel which commonly used in supercritical CO2 transmission pipeline as the experimental material.
Experimental Material and Method Experimental Material.
Ni, The upper limit of moisture content for supercritical CO2 pipeline transport, Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 67 (2012) 14-21
Ni, Effect of temperature on corrosion behavior of X70 steel in high pressure CO2/SO2/O2/H2O environments, Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology. 48(2013) 121-129
Nesic, Key issues related to modeling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines-a review, Corrosion Science. 49 (2007) 4308

The material properties are E = 2.06 Í Mpa and ρ = 7850 kg .
Jabbari: Crack detection in beams using experimental modal data and finite element model, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 47 (2005), p. 1477-1497
Kim: Crack Identification using hybrid neuro – genetic technique, Journal of Sound and vibration, Vol. 238 (2000), p.617-635