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The results show that a 25% reduction in process time seems viable without increase in damage by solving an optimal control problem, in which the ram speed profile is determined off-line by minimization.
The use of TiAl alloys with a density of approx. 3.9 g / cm3 pursues the goal of replacing the heavy nickel-based superalloys currently used in the high-temperature range, thus achieving a drastic weight reduction.
The constitutive equations relating the flow stress with temperature, strain rate and strain are calibrated from the data of the hot compression tests.
The final time t1 is computed from the velocity v1 so that a constant height reduction is obtained.
McQueen, New formula for calculating flow curves from high temperature constitutive data for 300 austenitic steels, J.

Introduction Semisolid state forming of Mg alloys ("thixoforming") is recognized as a technology offering several potential advantages over casting and forging, such as reduction of oxidization, reduction of macrosegregations, reduction of porosity and low forming efforts [1-3].
The data concerning initial remelting structure of semisolid Mg alloys is partially absent.
The data promoted in Table 1 proved that the low melting point phase is liable to diffuse to the liquid pools and boundaries and this diffusion caused the formation of liquid droplets and pools and even the cells structure, which will be explained in the next section.

Fig. 4 Effect of friction factors on reduction in thickness Fig. 5 Tube diameters from simulation and experiment Table 3 shows the data of simulation result in case of friction coefficient 0.3.
The reduction ratios of the cross section were different from those of the design in this data, but the simulation error of the diameter change was less than 2% as shown in Fig. 5.
Table 3 Simulation results of tube sinking Pass Entrance Exit Summary External diameter (mm) Internal diameter (mm) Thic-kness (mm) Cross section (mm²) External diameter (mm) Internal diameter (mm) Thic-kness (mm) Cross section (mm²) Drawing stress (MPa) Reduction ratio of cross section (%) 1 4.94 4.08 0.43 6.09 4.11 3.22 0.45 5.12 408.49 15.90 2 4.11 3.22 0.45 5.12 3.48 2.60 0.44 4.20 475.34 17.93 3 3.48 2.60 0.44 4.20 3.00 2.12 0.44 3.54 511.62 15.75 4 3.00 2.12 0.44 3.54 2.60 1.74 0.43 2.93 618.83 17.19 5 2.60 1.74 0.43 2.93 2.36 1.52 0.42 2.56 707.27 12.64 The defects of the tube sinking process were the snake skin on the external surface and the central burst on the internal surface.

The elastic and plastic strain data of tubular specimens undergoing rupture under internal pressure tests are presented and analyzed.
The reduction factor in the hoop direction (fR)h is given by equation (5).
The data point falling in the right extreme of the plot is related to specimen CDTS 3 and it clearly predicts that fracture will occur along the longitudinal direction, i.e., it is determined by the longitudinal stress.
Figure1: Normalized plot of fracture data points for the pair of DNV-Kastner equations.
An investigation is underway to acquire own and selected published data to look for any extraneous behavior of specimens that present very thin remaining ligaments (less than 2.5mm in large diameter pipes) and that belong to corrosion regions with lengths greater than 50mm.

Introduction Modern energetic suffers significant loss caused by reduction of reliability and service life of power plants heat- mechanic equipment due to construction materials surfaces corrosion destruction [1].
Previously reported [24] about complex technique of protective properties prediction of thermal power equipment heating surfaces oxide films based on phase composition identity by methods of local electrochemical analysis, evolution of fraction free surface based on polarization measurements data, and also by evolution of film conductivity.
Decrease in electricity amount after observed maximum matches, probably, to reduction of only surface layer of formed film.
Dependence of instantaneous currentless reduction potential Table 3 Phase composition of heating surface film № Time [h] E [V] E [V] by h.sc Film redox couple Amount of electricity gone for reduction , Q [mkKl] 1 2 3 4 5 6 3756 6 39 -0.4403 -0.2183 Fe/FeOH+ 330 -0.4951 -0.2731 Fe/FeOH+ 1656 1986 7 44 -0.4115 -0.1895 Fe/Fe2O3 60 -0.6287 -0.4067 Fe/Fe2+ 816 -0.7207 -0.4987 Fe/Fe2+ 1140 2016 8 56 -0.4483 -0.2263 Fe/FeOH+ 168 9 60 -0.5471 -0.3251 Fe/Fe2+ 270 -0.6783 -0.4563 Fe/Fe2+ 720 990 Fig.3.
Dependence of electricity amount expended to corrosion products reduction versus experiment time According to obtained impedance hodograph (Fig 4 a) by converting to coordinates (Fig. 4 b) was 1/(Im(Z) · ω · S) ↔ 1/ω2 recieved EDL specific capacity [22].

Since CaCO3 was known to have no virucidal activities, the moderate reduction in EID50 was attributed to MgO.
After fired at 1073 K for 5 h, dolomite completely decomposed into CaO and MgO, which resulted in a 10 -4 reduction in EID50 from the reference.
Since the specific surface areas measured by BET method and the average crystallite sizes measured by XRD method nearly satisfied Eq.(3) for all specimens used to obtain data in Fig.4, it was suggested that the shape of processed dolomite was equiaxed particles with smooth surface.
The significant reduction in the antiviral activity was attributed to the reduction of the surface area.
Treatment of avian influenza with CaO and MgO resulted in a 10 -4 reduction in EID50.

Being hammering a kind of very heterogeneous deformation process there not exist texture experimental data on the literature.
We can not even suggest that the deformation suffered by the ancient bronze is approximately 50% reduction.
Besides the difference in pattern, hammering reduction confers to the piece a texture not as strong and defined as the same deformation in rolling can imprint.
Such a low amount of reduction is not compatible with the expected process of having started with a thick piece of cast metal and reached 0.3 thickness.
Also the intervention of periodical heating treatments between each hammering can weakens the texture even at high reduction strains.

Compressive strengths.The data regarding the variation of compressive strength with respect to concrete age and curing condition for different types of concrete in the two mediums are shown in the Fig.1.
This reduction in the water absorption with age indicates better performance of concrete with GGBS over reference concrete.
The incorporation of 17.5% GGBS is very advantageous; it allows a reduction in water absorption rate from 78% to 77% at the age of one year.
While our test revealed a reduction of 88%.This indicated that the concretes with GGBS had remarkably lower permeability than the control concretes.
Finally, it was noted that the pozzolanic action effectively contributes to the reduction of chloride ion penetration and water absorption rate and increase the durability of concrete.

In order to compare output data with goal data, the mean squared error (MSE) in the feedforward backpropagation method was determined (Equation 5).
Eq. 5 where N is the number of observed data points and “ti” and “ai” denote the goal data and anticipated outputs, respectively [41, 42].
The produced nanoparticles were found to be mostly made of zero-valent iron (Fe0), according to the XRD data.
For various sets of input data, the constructed ANN may then be used to forecast heptachlor epoxide removal efficiency.
The model was significant to characterize the link between operating circumstances and removal%, according to RSM data.

We established bridge erecting machine’s 3D model, optimized the product’s structure and bridge through-hole speed, provide calculated data for safe and reliable operation of the equipment by finite element calculation.
Take the data of five seconds later for linear regression fitting and averaging, the obtained data statistics are shown in tab 1.
COMOSWorks used “fatigue strength reduction factor (Kf)” to solve the contradiction between actual fatigue damage and the S-N curve.
The setting range of the fatigue strength reduction factor is 0~1.
Designers can do qualitative judgment for the product’s function at different angles and by different proportions of the virtual model. ②Provide theory and design development basis for the bridge erecting machine’s reliability design by finite element and kinematic analysis, and improved the design efficiency and the reliability of the equipment operation. ③Carried out fatigue analysis on the behind leg with COSMOSWorks based on the definition of fatigue curve (S-N curve), obtained the behind leg’s service life and other relevant data.