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Functionally Gradient Materials via a Casting Process involving Partial Solidification D.
Batesc Engineering & Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland a david.browne@ucd.ie, bscanlan.michelle@gmail.com, cbates.andy@gmail.com Keywords: partial solidification, remelting, functionally graded alloy Abstract.
A novel technique for the production of functionally gradient materials, developed by the authors, is presented.
The CDC process has been proven by means of metallographic study of microstructure to produce functionally gradient materials.
Bates: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 413-414 (2005), p. 66 [5] United States Patent Application 11/632,706, A Method for Producing a Functionally Gradient Component, filed 18 January 2007

Detection of Laser Melting Bionic Stripe Quality on Mould Surface Based on Acoustic Signal Lijun Liu1,2,a, Tienan Di1,2,b,Zhixin Jia1,c, Jiqiang Li1,d,Yiqiang Wang1,e, Hong Zhou3,f, Xianyi Li1, and Liqiong Chen1,h 1Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China 2School of Material Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China 3School of Material Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130025, China alijunliumail@yahoo.com.cn, bawaynedil@163.com,cjzx@nit.zju.edu.cn, djqlihust@yahoo.com.cn, ejluwang@gmail.com, fzhouhong@jlu.edu.cn, glxy@nit.zju.edu.cn,hchenliqiong181@126.com Keywords: Laser bionic strengthening, Defocusing distance, Mould, Melting stripe, Acoustic Signal, FFT Abstract.
Hansell: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Dong: Applied Surface Science.
Vogli, M.Gathen and S.Momeni: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Zhou and et al: Journal of Bionic Engineering.

Aluminum foam is porous material and it is superior property which is light weight , absorption sound, heat insulation and energy absorption than other materials.
In present the panel of aluminum foam sandwich panel to use as structural materials is adhered with adhesive or wax for adhesion.
Introduction Aluminum foam (Fig.1) [1] is porous material and it is superior property which is light weight , absorption sound, heat insulation and energy absorption than other materials.
In present the panel of aluminum foam sandwich panel to use as structural materials is adhered with adhesive or wax for adhesion.
Miyoshi et al.: Journal of Japan Foundry Engineering Society, Vol. 74-12 (2002), p.835 [2] S.Nishida et al.: Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals, Vol.57-10 (2007), p.439

Materials and Method Sample Material The sample materials used for this research work are stainless steel, mild steel coated with red oxide and brass.
Other material includes: Beaker, Hand glove, Stirrers, Thermometer and pH meter Chemical Composition of Metallic Materials The CMS was Mild Steel coated with epoxy resin.
R.Adetunji, and O.Adewoye, Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel Rod in Cassava Fluid, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. (2010) Vol. 11(2): pp. 22 – 26
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A, (2010) 290: 55−73
Inestigation on Electrochemical and Cavitation Characteristics of Rudder Materials for Ship in Sea water, Journal of corrosion science and technology (2011) 10(3); 101-107

In the past, Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) process was well known in cutting extremely hard materials and fabricating complex shapes.
Materials and Methods Commercial Vit1b-x Zirconium based bulk metallic glass was adopted as the workpiece material.
Azam, "Novel hydroxyapatite/tantalum surface coating for metallic dental implant," Materials Letters, vol. 61, pp. 1238-1241, 2007
Ali, "The effect of SiC powder mixing electrical discharge machining on white layer thickness, heat flux and fatigue life of AISI D2 die steel," Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2016
Razak, et al., "A Review of Additive Mixed-Electric Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Modification of Biomedical Implants," Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2017, 2017

Introduction As we know, heterogeneous materials such as rock or rocklike material have a composite or heterogeneous microstructure or texture, which can be seen with the naked eye or with a microscope at various magnifications.
Moreover, the behaviour of rock or rocklike materials and the growth of cracks or microcracks in rock or rocklike materials are strongly influenced by this heterogeneous microstructure.
Consequently, the numerical methods used for studying the fracture behaviour of rock or rocklike materials should take the heterogeneity into consideration.
Sum of elastic energy release (ERE) of the all elements is total elastic energy release of brittle materials occurred at current loading step.
Kou: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics.

The influence of different surface forms on GFRP reinforcement mainly manifest in bonding between reinforcement materials and concrete, especially when the GFRP bars are used in slope, the form of the surface of GFRP bar will affect reinforced material’s torsion and shear properties directly.
Zhu, Some test research on compression and shear performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer/ Composite Materials, 3 (2009) 28-32
Chen, Test research on tensile mechanical properties of GFRP rebar, Building Science, Vol. 28 7 (2012) 43-46
Zhang, Some study on the mechanical performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer, Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 16 (2008) 153
Fang, Experiment on anchorage performance of bond-type anchorage for CFRP tendon, China Journal of Highway and Transport, Vol. 24 1 (2011) 68-77

Chemistry of Materials 2013;25:4010–6
Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012;22:24526
Chemistry of Materials 2011;23:293–300
Materials Research Bulletin 1995;30:715–21
Chemistry of Materials 2007;19:3740–7.

Basalt fiber has been used as a reinforced material in cement-based materials because it has higher mechanical strength and cheaper than common silicate based glass-fibers.
Acknowledgement Authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Research Unit of Advanced Ceramic, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University for support fund.
Wu, Preparation and thermal stability of zirconia-doped mullite fibers via sol-gel method, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 21 (2011) 117-121
Subramanian, Alkali resistance enhancement of basalt fibers by hydrated zirconia films formed by the sol-gel process, Journal of Materials Research, 9 (2011) 1006-1013
Smrček, The Liquidus Temperature; Its Critical Role in Glass Manufacturing, International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 1 (2010) 151-163

Introduction Due to the high strength, rich raw materials, low cost and the convenience in production, concrete has become one of the most important materials in civil engineering.
At present, MWCNTs reinforced composite materials are mainly concentrated in metals, ceramics and polymers [14, 15, 16], very few studies in cement-based materials.
Joseph: ACI Materials Journal (Ameriean Conerete Institute).Vol.86(1989), p. 244-251 [2] V.C.
Dyer: Science.
Vol. 59(1999), p. 975-977 [16] Z.Xia, L.Riester and W.A.Curtin: Acta Materials.