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The possibility of specific and local influence on the properties of these materials opens up to new potentials concerning the application of these materials.
Therefore it is necessary to minimize and locally limit the thermal load of locally hardened materials and stuctures on the one hand, and thus keeping the influence of the joining process onto the materials related factors for strength increase as small as possible.
But, on the other hand the chosen welding process has decisive influence on the resulting component properties so that even the joining process can contribute to the improvement in structure or component property.
HF welding being a resistance welding process with geometry and material dependant inductive or conductive energy application, is an innovative and fast joining process for welding of high-strength metallic structures with graded properties.
This first phase pays particular attention to the analysis of possibilities for local influence on the weld seam properties.

Surface modification of engineering materials is one of the routes to get to the objective by optimizing the properties of material surface.
As more and more evidences of appealing properties of NC materials have been found, it is reasonable to expect that a NC layer on a bulk material may have enhanced properties compared with the bulk matrix.
Surface nanocrystallization [4] aims at the generation of nanostructured surface layer to improve the overall properties and behaviors of the materials without changing bulk properties.
Recent investigations also indicated that other factors, such as melting point [13], phase transformation [10], second phase particles [20] will also affect the grain refinement process.
The hardness of a material is one of the most important mechanical properties in wear and has been widely employed as a criterion to determine the abrasive wear resistance [25].

Gopalakannan, et.al. [3] Carried out optimization of EDM process on MMC and performed an ANOVA and RSM model concluding that the pulse current was the most important factor affecting the MRR.
Karabulut [16] carried out study on Optimization of surface roughness and cutting force during AA7039/Al2O3 MMC milling using Neural Networks and Taguchi method and found that the material structure was the most effective factor on surface roughness and feed rate was the dominant factor affecting cutting force.
Rajmohan, et.al [23] evaluated mechanical and wear properties of hybrid aluminium matrix with aid of ANOVA.
The Pulse current, Voltage and Pulse on time are primary factors that affect the quality of Aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite, while Pulse off time is considered as secondary factor.
Ranganathan, Evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of hybrid aluminium matrix composites, Trans.

Researches in surface engineering allow the obtaining of new systems of materials by coating the basic material surface with other material having superior friction properties.
The results showed that the new material has a better microstructure than the basic material and its physical and mechanical properties have been improved.
In aggressive environments, a chemical factor (related to the environment) is added to the fretting mechanical wear; the resulting phenomenon is called fretting corrosion.
Appropriate sensors and design solutions have to be adopted to observe the main affecting parameters of fretting.
Compared to the steel’s friction coefficient which is 0.5, we can conclude that we improved the basic material’s friction properties.

In their nature, titanium alloys in nano- and submicrocrystalline states have higher physical and mechanical properties than titanium alloys in the microcrystalline state [1, 2].
These properties, on the one hand, promote their use in products.
Due to these properties, electron-beam welding is used for welding a wide variety of metals and alloys.
Therefore, it can be assumed that one of the main factors affecting a wide range of structural-phase states in the weld zone and in the heat-affected zone during electron-beam welding is the increased concentration of interstitial oxygen atoms in the crystalline lattice of the solid solution based on a–Ti.
Chen, Tensile and fatigue properties of electron beam welded dissimilar joints between Ti–6Al–4V and BT9 titanium alloys, Materials Science & Engineering.

On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the actual problem, decision problems according to different properties are broken down into several levels.
Determination the Weight of the Decision Criteria In terms of impeller machining route,the expert believe that in the main goal level costs is slightly more important than quality,quality is slightly more important than green properties,and green properties is slightly more important than time.So the pair-wise comparison matrix of the four main criteria is created in Table 4.
The weight of the time, costs, quality and green properties is presented in Table 4.
Table 10 presents the four criterion factors that affect the selection of the processing route of mine fan’s impeller( Example: Axial Flow Fan No6.0/2×15:the diameter of impeller is 0.6m,grade 2,and the single motor power is 15KW); The decision criteria when the performance of alternative is evaluated is short processing time, good product quality,low cost and good green properties; And in accordance with the recommendations of the expert.
Table 5 Pair-wise comparison matrix of alternatives to decision criterion Criteria A1 A2 A1 A2 1 1/5 5 1 0.6000 0.4000 Table 6 Pair-wise comparison matrix of alternatives to decision criterion Criteria A1 A2 A1 A2 1 3/2 2/3 1 0.3333 0.6667 Table 7 Pair-wise comparison matrix of alternatives to decision criterion Criteria A1 A2 A1 A2 1 3/2 2/3 1 0.6667 0.3333 Table 8 Pair-wise comparison matrix of alternatives to decision criterion Criteria A1 A2 A1 A2 1 1/3 3 1 0.6000 0.4000 Table 9 Alternatives’ total ranking calculated matrix Goal Ranking alternatives Ranking alternatives 0.1448 0.3964 0.2574 0.2014 A1 A2 0.6000 0.4000 0.3333 0.6667 0.6667 0.3333 0.3906 0.4079 0.6000 0.4000 0.5114 0.4886 Table 10 Types of impeller and the factors affecting their selection(one mine axial fan)[6] Factors Impellers Stamped by Using Steel Plate (A1) Impellers Casted by Using Aluminum Ingot (A2) Time 1.process time;2.auxiliarytime 255minutes 362minutes

Cell growth morphology on nano-structured surface based on wetting Ge Qin1, a, Haoxue Li2,b, Mengdie Ma1, Juanjuan Li1 and Yafei Deng1 1School of Mechanics and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China 2Department of mechanical and electrical engineering, Henan Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Xinxiang, Henan, China aqinge@hpu.edu.cn, blhx16@sohu.com Keywords: Wetting; Nano-structured; Cell; Growth morphology; Abstract.
Wettability is an important characteristic of solid-liquid interface which is decided by properties of the solid-liquid interface, such as chemical compositions and micro geometry features of the solid surface[1,2].
The wetting properties will change when the geometry of solid surface changes.
It is affected by the roughness, structure, physical and chemical properties and other factors of the actual surface.
The relationship between the apparent contact angle and interfacial properties of the surface has been studied by Wenzel, Cassie and Baxter firstly, and the different models have been built to revise the Young’s equation (as shown in Fig. 2).

The surface properties requirements and possible of the modified technology Including the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy surface: Using properties of the AZ31 magnesium alloy surface (wear resistance, corrosion resistance), AZ31 complete performance of magnesium alloy surface (surface is easy to fall off).
The choice of lubricant is one of the important factors in forming and the forming surface quality within the influence of magnesium alloy plate hot incremental.
Corrosion resistant properties and modification technology.
Magnesium alloy has a hydro-xy-apatite coating besides the mechanical properties necessary external (such as strength, toughness etc.).
Many kinds of ion implantation into elements, the injection process is controllable, without affecting the accuracy of material surface, the modified layer can make the surface corrosion, abrasion resistance and anti-fatigue ability greatly improved etc.

The result have shown that the addition of POE and AT gave PP excellent mechanical properties of improved impact strength and comparable stiffness.
AT belongs to the family of phyllosilicates with a number of important properties, such as sorptive, rheological and catalytic properties [10-12].
Tensile properties were measured at room termperature at a cross-head speed of 50 mm·min -1 using an Instron testing machine 1121.
Result and Discussion Mechanical properties.
Premphet et al. [13] showed that two kinds of phase structure were formed; either a separate dispersion of the phases or encapsulation of the filler by elastomer, and the first factor affecting morphology was elastomer polarity.

Several studies [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] have reported the influence of curing temperature on mechanical properties of geopolymer binders.
However, incorporation of proportions beyond 30% FCS aggregate, resulted in leaching of chromium and subsequent formation of hydrotalcite, thereby adversely affecting strength. 1.2 Study objectives Relatively few researches [1, 24, 25] presently exist on FCS geopolymer binder and its properties.
Mechanical properties and setting time of ferrochrome slag based geopolymer paste and mortar.
Reaction mechanism and mechanical properties of geopolymer based on kaolinitic coal tailings, Applied Clay Science, 106826
Influence of ferrochrome ash on mechanical and microstructure properties of ambient cured fly ash-based geopolymer concrete.