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The anatase phase was in good agreement with the reference patterns of JCPDS data (card no, 84-1285 and 84-1582) respectively.
Acknowledgement The authors wish to thanks Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) for funding this project under research grant number of UPNM/2021/GPJP/TK/4 and FRGS/1/2019/STG07/UPNM/02/7 from Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia and ITMA, Universiti Putra Malaysia for the instruments facilities References [1] B.Kilic, Produce of carbon nanotube/ZnO nanowires hybrid photoelectrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. 

All the sharp peaks correlate to wurtzite bulk ZnO and matches with the JCPDS card No. 89-1397.
Acknowledge The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Research and Community Services of Universitas Indonesia through the PITTA A Research Grant of Universitas Indonesia, 2019, contract number NKB-0699/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019.

XRD: From the diffraction spectra shown in Figure 1, it could be seen that the diffraction peaks are more intensive and narrower implying a good crystalline nature of the as-synthesized ZnO product and all of the peaks can be well indexed to hexagonal phase ZnO reported in JCPDS card (NO 36-1451).
(7) In these relations, Z is the number of nearest neighbouring chains (~4), k is Boltzmann constant and N(EF) the density of states per electron volt (2-ring unit suggested for PANI)[28].

The diffraction patterns were matched with JCPDS card number 79-0208, and cell parameters were determined.

One of the approaches to improve mechanical strength is using a number of different oxide systems MgO, B2O3, Al2O3, and others.
The most intense peak of HA was observed between 30-40 2θ as well as other angles according to (JCPDS) card No. (09-0432), this result confirmed by previous study [21], it proved that crystal hydroxyapatite similar to the nature of teeth had been formed at the interface of samples immersed in human saliva .The noticed diopside peaks at 35 and 36 2θ in b and c XRD spectra referring to non-continuous hydroxyapatite layer formed on the surface revealing the need for more immersion time to complete the reaction.

The peaks and planes are correctly indexed using JCPDS card number # 34-025 [5].

When synthesized at 160 ℃, the XRD pattern displays the tetragonal ZrO2 phase, evidenced by the diffraction peaks that are indexed according to the JCPDS card No. 50-1089 (t-ZrO2).
For traditional drying, the obtained powders are seriously agglomerated, and the particles adhere to each other, which can be attributed to the intense attraction between adjacent particles due to the adsorption of a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface, as reported by Feng et al. [27].
Each ring in the pattern produced by different specific orientations of the crystal plane is well-indexed by the PDF#50-1089 card number of t-ZrO2, consistent with the XRD results.

Figure 6 shows the HRTEM image of silver nanoparticles deposited on the ZnO 1D rod, and was indexed assuming Fm-3m symmetry obtaining a unit cell value of 4.09 Å in agreement with the data reported for the JCPDS card number 065-2871.
space group P63mc corresponding to the JCPDS 36-1451).
After silver impregnation and thermal treatments, the XRD patterns of the 1.5Ag/ZnO and 5Ag/ZnO showed peaks corresponding to Ag 0 (JCPDS 065-2871) and peaks of the ZnO structure.

In case of Cu-MOF1/ Ag2O, the appearance of 38.08 °, 44.02 °, 64.45 ° and 77.64° diffraction peaks (For Ag2O - JCPDS card number 76–1393) along with Cu-MOFs indicating formation of Cu-MOF/Ag2O, and are also in good agreement with the literature [51, 56, 58] In addition, the weak diffraction peak of 10.38° assigned to (001) plane of GO cannot be found in the Cu-MOF/rGO composites because of the overlap of the strong peak at 10.34° associated with the Cu-MOF/rGO and appearance of peak at 26.98°confirmed presence of rGO in MOF/rGO composite (JCPDS no. 75−2078) [59].

The resulting composite materials were labeled 3BiTi, 6BiTi and 9BiTi, with the number indicating the weight percent of Bi2S3. 2. 2 Photocatalysts characterization The obtained TiO2 and Bi2S3/TiO2 powders were analyzed by X ray diffraction using a Bruker D2 Advance diffractometer.
All the peaks exhibit by the Bi2S3 nanorods at 2θ = 22.5°, 23.8°, 28.5°, 31.8° and 52.8° corresponding to the planes, (220), (130), (121), (221) and (132) respectively, can be indexed to an orthorhombic structure of the material (JCPDS file No: 43-1471, space group, lattice parameters a = 11.305 Å, b = 3.981 Å, c = 11.147 Å).
The TiO2 diffractogram (∆ symbol) presents the most intense peak at 2θ = 25.55° assigned to the (101) plane, characteristic of the anatase phase with tetragonal crystalline structure of TiO2 [JCPDS card 84– 1285].